Scribd
Upload
102 views9 pages

Bistable Circuits & Waveforms

Square-wave Waveforms are used extensively in electronic and micro electronic circuits for clock and timing control signals as they are symmetrical waveforms of equal and square duration representing each half of a cycle and nearly all digital logic circuits use square wave waveforms on their input and output gates. Unlike sine waves which have a smooth rise and fall waveform with rounded corners at their positive and negative peaks, square waves on the other hand have very steep almost vertical up and down sides with a flat top and bottom producing a waveform which matches its description, – “Square” as shown below.

Uploaded by

shailesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
102 views9 pages

Bistable Circuits & Waveforms

Square-wave Waveforms are used extensively in electronic and micro electronic circuits for clock and timing control signals as they are symmetrical waveforms of equal and square duration representing each half of a cycle and nearly all digital logic circuits use square wave waveforms on their input and output gates. Unlike sine waves which have a smooth rise and fall waveform with rounded corners at their positive and negative peaks, square waves on the other hand have very steep almost vertical up and down sides with a flat top and bottom producing a waveform which matches its description, – “Square” as shown below.

Uploaded by

shailesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Generation of Square and

Triangular Waveforms
Bistable Multivibrators

A 1

R1 ( R1 R2 )
Figure 13.17 A positive-feedback loop capable of bistable
operation.

Figure 13.18 A physical analogy for the operation of the bistable


circuit. The ball cannot remain at the top of the hill for any length of
time (a state of unstable equilibrium or metastability); the inevitably
present disturbance will cause the ball to fall to one side or the
other, where it can remain indefinitely (the two stable states).
1

R1 ( R1 R2 )

VTH L
VTL L
Figure 13.19 (a) The bistable circuit of Fig. 13.17 with the negative input terminal of the op amp disconnected from ground and connected to an input
signal vI. (b) The transfer characteristic of the circuit in (a) for increasing vI. (c) The transfer characteristic for decreasing vI. (d) The complete transfer 2
characteristics.

v v I

R2
R1
vO
R1 R2
R1 R2

VTL L ( R1 R2 )
VTH L ( R1 R2 )

Figure 13.20 (a) A bistable circuit derived from the positive-feedback loop of Fig. 13.17 by applying vI through R1. (b) The transfer characteristic of
the circuit in (a) is noninverting. (Compare it to the inverting characteristic in Fig. 13.19d.)
3

Application of the Bistable Circuit as a Comparator

Figure 13.21 (a) Block diagram representation and transfer characteristic for a comparator having a reference, or threshold, voltage VR.
(b) Comparator characteristic with hysteresis.
4

Figure 13.22 Illustrating the use of hysteresis in the comparator characteristics as a means of rejecting interference.

Astable Multivibrators

Figure 13.24 (a) Connecting a bistable multivibrator with inverting transfer characteristics in a feedback loop with an RC circuit results in a squarewave generator.
6

R1 ( R1 R2 )

CR

T1 : v L ( L L )e t /

T2 : v L ( L L )e t /

T 2 ln

1
1

Figure 13.24 (Continued) (b) The circuit obtained when the bistable multivibrator is implemented with the circuit of Fig. 13.19(a). (c) Waveforms at
various nodes of the circuit in (b). This circuit is called an astable multivibrator.
7

Generation of Triangular Waveforms


integrator

Figure 13.25 A general scheme for generating triangular and square waveforms.

Monostable Multivibrators

Figure 13.26 (a) An op-amp monostable circuit. (b) Signal waveforms in the circuit of (a).
9

You might also like