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Understanding Acne Vulgaris: Causes & Treatment

This document discusses acne vulgaris, a common skin condition characterized by lesions such as comedones, papules, pustules and nodules that primarily affects adolescents. It is caused by four key factors: follicular hyperkeratinization, sebum accumulation, inflammation, and the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. Treatment involves topical therapies like retinoids and antibiotics as well as oral antibiotics or isotretinoin for more severe cases.

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Abdul Hamid Alraiyes
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205 views22 pages

Understanding Acne Vulgaris: Causes & Treatment

This document discusses acne vulgaris, a common skin condition characterized by lesions such as comedones, papules, pustules and nodules that primarily affects adolescents. It is caused by four key factors: follicular hyperkeratinization, sebum accumulation, inflammation, and the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. Treatment involves topical therapies like retinoids and antibiotics as well as oral antibiotics or isotretinoin for more severe cases.

Uploaded by

Abdul Hamid Alraiyes
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ACNE VULGARIS

Abdul Alraiyes
5/7/08
ACNE VULGARIS
 SELF-LIMITED DISORDER OF PILOSEBACEOUS UNIT
 PRIMARILY IN ADOLESCENTS
 PLEOMORPHIC VARIETY OF LESIONS- COMEDONES,
PAPULES, PUSTULES, NODULES
 GENETIC FACTORS PLAY A ROLE IN ACNE SEVERITY
 MEDICATIONS LIKE CORTICOSTEROIDS, ISONIAZID,
PHENYTOIN, LITHIUM, PROGESTINS
 CAN CAUSE ACNELIKE LESIONS
PATHOGENESIS
 FOUR KEY ELEMENTS:
 FOLLICULAR HYPERKERATINIZATION
 SEBUM ACCUMULATION
 INFLAMMATION
 PRESENCE & ACTIVITY OF Propionibacterium
acnes
 ANDROGENS PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE
 INCREASE SEBUM PRODUCTION & ENLARGE
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
CLINICAL FEATURES

 OPEN & CLOSED COMEDOS, ERYTHEMATOUS


PAPULES, PUSTULES, NODULES, CYSTS &
SCARS
 FACE, TRUNK & CHEST

 INFLAMATORY & NON-INFLAMMATORY LESIONS

 SCARRING IS A COMPLICATION OF BOTH.


CLINICAL VARIANTS OF ACNE

 ACNE
CONGLOBATA:
severe, scarring form of
acne where large
nodules and abscesses
become confluent to
form draining sinus
tracts
ACNE CONGLOBATA
CLINICAL VARIANTS OF ACNE

 ACNE COSMETICA:
persistent, low grade form
of acne result from use of
cosmetics, moisturizers,
sunscreens This type of
acne responds particularly
well to the topical
application of tretinoin.
CLINICAL VARIANTS OF ACNE

 ACNE MECHANICA:
results from repeated trauma
associated with sports
helmet, shoulder pads, chin
rests of violoins and violas.
CLINICAL VARIANTS OF ACNE

 Acne fulminans :
severe, scarring form of acne
with systemic signs and
symptoms of infection and
Leukocytosis.
CLINICAL VARIANTS OF ACNE

 NEONATAL ACNE &


INFANTILE ACNE
CLINICAL VARIANTS OF ACNE

 STERIODS ACNE
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

 FOLLICULITIS :
PAPULES, PUSTULES,
NO COMEDOS. USUALLY
AFFECTS TRUNK &
EXTREMITIES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

 PERIORAL
DERMATITIS: LONG
TERM USE OF TOPICAL
CORTICOSTEROIDS ON
FACE CAN RESULT IN
ACNEIFORM,
ERYTHEMATOUS,
INFLAMED PINK PAPULES
ON CHIN & CHEEKS.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

 MILIA : WHITE, PINPOINT


EPIDERMAL CYSTS AROUND
EYES
TREATMENT
 TOPICAL THERAPY:
Comedonal acne: Topical retinoids –tretinoin,
adaplene, tazarotene
Anti-inflammatory & reduce follicular
hyperkeratinization
Inflammatory acne: Topical antibiotics with benzoyl
peroxide & topical retinoids
Azelaic acid : antimicrobial & comedolytic properties
Salicylic acid
TREATMENT
 SYSTEMIC THERAPY
Antibiotics: A trial of 8-12 weeks is warranted to
assess responsiveness.
Doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole
Isotretinoin: Cases of Refractory deep
inflammmatory acne vulgaris
Hormonal therapy: OCPs , spironolactone
Intralesional glucocorticoids; deep nodular lesions
THANKS

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