Grade 7 Science
Unit 2
Heat is transferred from one place to
another by three different processes.
Chapter 6
Heat Transfer
Heat transfers from a hot object to a
cold object.
Heat moves NOT cold
Something cold is really just
something less hot
3 Types of Heat Transfer
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
1. Conduction
Particle movement:
the particles in an object vibrate in place
but collide with neighbouring particles
passing kinetic energy to them.
State(s) in which it occurs:
Can happen in Solid, liquid and gas
Best in solids worse in gases
The particles stay in position!
Examples of conduction
Cooling on a stove
Ice packs
Can you think of other examples?
Conduction mini experiment
Comparing conduction
Do some materials conduct better
than others?
2. Convection
Particle movement:
When heated the particles gain energy,
spread out, become less dense and rise.
As it cools, the particles lose energy, get
closer together, become more dense and
sink.
State(s) in which it occurs:
Can happen in liquids and gas
Not in Solids!
Examples of Convection
Boiling water on the stove
Radiators
Can you think of
other examples?
Convection Demonstration
convection currents using a
convection box or convection tube
3. Radiation
Particle movement:
No particles!!
electromagnetic waves carry energy
from a source to another object.
State(s) in which it occurs:
Any or none! No state necessary
Can occur in the vacuum of space
Examples of Radiation
Fireplace
Sunlight
All 3 can happen at the same time!
3 ways radiant energy transfers
1. Reflect: bounce of shiny, smooth
surfaces
2. Absorb: Taken in by rough, dull
coloured surfaces (gets warmer)
3. Transmit: Moves through glass,
plastic, paper.
Interactive:
[Link]
t/lsps07_int_heattransfer/
Online Practice:
[Link]
hi/puzzles/energytransfer/[Link]
Core Lab Activity!
Activity 6-1D
Absorb That Energy
Page 184
Home Heating!
Brainstorm: How do we heat our homes?
The Past
The Present
Home Heating Technology
Wood stove
Electric Heaters
Oil Furnace
Air to Air Heat Pump
Geothermal
Solar
Oil furnace
Hot-water radiation
Air to air
Geothermal
Core STSE
Heat Pumps: An Alternative Way
to Heat Homes
Section Review Questions
Page 191 Qs: 1, 2, 3, 4 & 9
Conductors Vs. Insulators
Thermal
Conductor
Allows Heat to
Transfer
Thermal
Insulator
Prevents Heat
from Transferring
Ex. Metal (some
metal are better
than others)
Ex. Wood, plastic
Thermal conductors
Allows heat to travel
Cookware warms your food
Car Radiator warms your car
Thermal insulators
Keeps Items Warm!
Animal Fur animals/humans
Sod houses in the past
Fibreglass houses in the present
Thermos - food
How does a thermos work?
A vacuum exists
between the layer
No particles means
little heat transfers!
Try it out!
Interactive mini-lab
[Link]
eclips/ages/8_9/keeping_warm.shtml
Section Review Questions
Page 205 Qs: 1, 2& 9
Heat Vs. Temperature
Heat: The energy which is transferred from
hotter substances to colder ones.
Note: cold doesnt move, heat does!
Heat: the total
energy
Temperature: the
average energy
Specific Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity: Measures
the amount of heat transferred
The amount of heat needed to raise
the temperature of 1.00 g of a
substance by 1.00C.
Specific Heat Capacity
High specific heat capacity takes a lot
of heat to warm up
A lot of heat transfers
Low specific heat capacity takes only
a little heat to warm up
Only a little heat transfers
Specific heat capacities of various
substances
Dont Need to memorize these!
Which has a higher Specific Heat
capacity?
Water or soil?
Think about it:
On a hot day which warms up more
quickly the water or sand?
Which has a higher Specific Heat
capacity?
Water or soil?
Soil!
Think about it:
On a hot day which warms up more
quickly the water or sand?
Sand! It cools more quickly as well
Question 1
Why do metal objects often feel
colder than the surrounding air
temperature?
Question 1
Why do metal objects often feel
colder than the surrounding air
temperature?
Not because the metal is colder
Metal has a low specific heat capacity, it will
quickly absorb heat!
The heat from our hands is transferred to the
metal quickly
This makes our fingers cold the metal feels
cold!
Question 2
Why does a piece of aluminum
foil feel cool after taken out of
the oven for only minutes?
Question 2
Why does a piece of aluminum foil
feel cool after taken out of the
oven for only minutes?
The aluminum has a low specific heat capacity.
It quickly takes in heat, but also loses it quickly
It doesnt take much heat to warm it up so it
will lose that small amount of heat quickly
Question 3
Why should you be cautious when
eating an apple pie which has been
taken from the oven for twenty
minutes?
Question 3
Why should you be cautious when
eating an apple pie which has been
taken from the oven for twenty
minutes?
The apple pie has a high specific heat capacity.
It takes a lot of heat to warm it up so it will
take a long time to lose all of that heat!
Interactive
comparing specific heat interactive:
[Link]
ion/pd/oceans_weather_climate/media
/specific_heat.swf
Discussion: Sea and Land Breeze
Heat and Technology
The need to stay warm have led to
many new technologies (past and
present)
Make a list of heat-technologies with
a partner (come up with as many as
possible!)
Section Review Questions
Page 215 Qs: 1, 2, 3 & 7
Chapter Review Questions:
Page 216-17 Qs: 1, 3, 5, 7, & 16
Unit Review Questions:
Page 216-17 Qs: 3, 4, 12, 13, 18,
19, 26, 31, 35 & 40
