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3G NETWORK PLANNING
Mobitels Approach
Zoran Vehovar, Network Planning Manager
[Link]@[Link]
Slovenian mobile market is developed
developed...
...
Population - 2 million
Capital - Ljubljana, 280 000 citizens
Joining EU in 2004
GDP 75% of EU average - higher than some EU
members
Total mobile penetration - 93% (source
(source EMC World
Cellular Database),
Database), the highest in CEE
Three mobile operators on the market, plus 1
service provider
Single UMTS licence granted
(Mobitel
Mobitel,, only bidder)
bidder) in the end 2001
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Mobitel today...
today...
Operates NMT, GSM900&1800, GPRS and (precommercial) UMTS network
Extremely fast growth, today 76% of market share
First EU network to pass 50%
of penetration in one single network
670 GSM sites, 5100 TRXs,
1,34 mio users, 67% of population in one single
network
Excellent coverage
Ericsson BSC, SS and GPRS
5 MSC and 2 GMSC
We offer almost all available services (HSCSD,
MVPN, ALS, MPS, MMS, WAP, streaming)
3
Roll-out Phases:
RollPhases:
Initially Focusing on Coverage
First goal:
goal: Creating good initial useruser -perception
Second goal:
goal: Seamless 2G/2,5G/3G idle & active mode performance
3G is an evolution Inter-RAT HO and idle mode reselection is needed
Where covered,
covered, support for fast RABs,
RABs, up to PS384kb/s downlink and
64kb in uplink
Special attention to indoor CS(PS)64 RAB offered indoor
Phase 1 (2003): Coverage in Ljubljana and Airport ( deployment to be
concluded by the end of 2003)
Phase 2 (2004): Urban areas and highway coverage countrywide,
countrywide, 62% of
population covered
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Ljubljana and Airport Structure - Phase 1
106 sites for 280k inhabitants - dense and regular cell structure
Indoor coverage, ensuring speech CS12.2 , PS64 RAB, outdoor
PS64/384
l CPICHs 25-30dBm, tilts 0-12deg, each sector tuned separately
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TCPU 5.0: result of Monte Carlo
analysis on urban model:
phase 1 WCDMA
loaded with 5000 users
95% served
- Green: PS384 DL
- Magenta: fallback PS128
- Yellow: fallback PS64
15% of population covered
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Ljubljana & Airport Cell Structure
Re--using of existing sites is a
Re
must. In Ljubljana 70% of GSM
must.
sites rere- used for WCDMA
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What can be reused:
reused: Todays
dense sites (GSM 900&1800) in
regular structures on macro level
(roof
roof--top).
n
n
n
Co--site distance in urban
Co
environment vary from 600
600-1000m.
Typical antenna height above floor
level:: 15level
15- 25m
Phase 1: 50% GSM/WCDMA
combined antennas
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Phase 2 - 384 Sites Already in
Deployment
Ljubljana: Capacity & coverage improvement using micro cells,
repeaters, 3D cells, RRUs, antenna de-commision
l Coverage extension countrywide acc. to licence obligation
l
Coverage at the end of 2004:
PS384
End 2004: 62% pop.
covered
All towns down to 1500 pop.
Highway cross: CS(PS)64
Tourist centers
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2,5G Data User Profile ...
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PDP attaches
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Unique new users
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100/10
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200/20
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PS384/64
( kB
kB//user
user/BH)
/BH)
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CS64 (mErl
(mErl))
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(HS)CSD traffic
GPRS users for 2003-08-01 (15 min totals)
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Reduced
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GPRS traffic
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Basic
CS12.2 (mErl
(mErl))
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time
... and prediction for 3G, based on 2,5G
Service
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(HS)CSD
Traffic for 2003-08-01 (15 min totals)
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time
GPRS
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Hypothesis: UMTS data user not much
different from GPRS/CSD user
GPRS peak traffic: 90kB/user/15min
Average 800bits/s/user/BH
250kB/user/day
100
80
60
40
20
0
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kB / user
Average traffic per active user for 2003-08-01
(for 15 min intervals)
Active users
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Challenge: Development of Own
Challenge:
PP/OPTIM tool
Optimisation is a very complex task, where we need best
engineers
The main goal - for GSM/GPRS/WCDMA network - is common
platform for system statistics, predictions and field
measurements
Best way to learn is
developing our own tool
Tool based on powerful
ntranet GIS platform
Own alghoritms added
Statistics added in next step
Goal: over-RET
self-configuring intelligent
high capacity 2G/3G network
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First Optimisation Alghorithms
l
Finding cells with too much overlapping
Finding cells with too less overlapping
Excluding measured bins with distant best server
Tuning of each cell-best server individually
Finding pilot pollution: focusing on strong interferers
Finding areas with insufficient uplink coverage
Analysing the effects of changing (up, down) tilts, azimuths,
CPICHs power, antenna replacements: iterative process
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Waiting for usable PM to close the optimisation loop
Finding neighbour relations, WCDMA and WCDMA-GSM
Comparison between TCPU analyses and drive tests
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Overlapping Cost Function:
Function: Example
Calculation cost (penalty per cell),
cell), calculated
from RSCP data for each measured bin:
bin :
cost = 1/10 * Fsi * (1+
(1+Ri
Ri//Rmin
Rmin))2
Fsi = 4 for RSCP1 - RSCPi < 3
3 for 3 =< RSCP1 - RSCPi < 6
1 for 6 =< RSCP1 - RSCPi <12
0,3
Where is...
Ri - distance to i- cell
Rmin distance to the closest cell in the air
1 - best server
i i-cell
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Measurements & Initial Tunings
l
Autumn 2003: three meas., tuning and optim. campaigns performed
Measurement campaign for over 1000 km over all Ljubljana streets
takeing 4 days and nights
After measurement campaign, follows post-processing of data collected
and action: changing of tilts, azimuths and system parameters
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R&S test measurement system for RAN (ESPI; ROMES) for optimisation
of DL and to prevent pilot pollution
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TEMS Investigation WCDMA 2.1: testing functionality in dedicated
mode, RAN behaviour, HO, PS/CS RABs, LLC&RLC, inter-RAT HO..
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We are seeking the optimum: sharp cell borders, best Ec/Io distribution,
pilot pollution, lowest transmitted power needed
Dedicated mode measurements: uplink, call set up, drop call,
neighbours, L3 investigations...
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Indoor// Outdoor Correlation:
Indoor
Correlation: Current Results
Indoor much different, RSCP distribution has no
correlation to outdoor. Uplink is worth considering
Ec/Io comparable to outdoor,
slightly lower (1-3dB) on ground
level
On 1-4 storeys, Ec/Io same or
higher
On higher storey Ec/Io plunges
TEMS / R&S field
measurements performed with
vehicle not indoor!
After post- processing, buildings
for indoor measurements
selected - planning tool can be
useful
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Current Problems & Field Experiences
Network & terminal performance improves rapidly
Reasonable drop call rate
High CS call set up failure rate
Long PDP context activation times
Missing neighbours no SHO or interinter- RAT HO
UEs capabiliy:
capabiliy: Inter
Inter-- RAT HO?
Uplink coverage for CS64 low UE Tx Pwr?
Pwr?
Videotelephony
Videotelephony:: poor moving picture quality : poor UE video processing
processing?
?
Low throughput high BLER?
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Cell overlapping SHO candidates meas.
meas. results
RscpDif3 [dB]
RscpDif6 [dB]
DIFF
# meas
meas_
_bins
%
<= 3
Tuned to TCPU SHO candidates
candidates::
22250
>= 0
>1
>2
>3
26,31%
<= 1
<= 2
<= 3
<= 4
8422
7264
6564
5863
9,96%
8,86%
7,76%
6,93%
>4
>5
<= 5
<= 6
5448
4966
6,44%
5,87%
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Further Deployment Phases:
Phases: Capacity
Capacity?
?
When network load is going to increase:
from deployed regular macro structure, can expect only limited
capacity, due to too high factor i and .
UL and DL: completely separate story, connected only through
balancing. Both UL and DL (loading, interferences) should be carefully
considered.
How to extend radio network capacity?
A. Adding new sites: Q: WHERE? Macro, micro, indoor, repeaters
B. Adding new carriers: WHERE? LAYERS? 3D problem?
C. Adding additional power on DL? IS IT WORTH TO DO IT?
D. Adding new cells/sectors?
E. Introducing of new technologies: MUD, Smart antennas
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Capacity:: Carriers vs.
Capacity
vs. Layer structure
Capacity (and coverage) improvement steps:
1. Carrier 1 FDD: macro layer (deployed)
2. Carrier 1 FDD: micro layer (in testing)
3. Carrier 1 FDD: 3D & repeaters (both in testing)
4. Carrier 2 FDD: macro layer (capacity pool)
5. Carrier 2 FDD: micro layer (capacity pool)
6. Carrier 3 and TDD: indoor and/or micro layer
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Fill-- in criteria
Fill
criteria:: Micro site selection
Micro layer has to be isolated from
macro layer to prevent extensive SHO
areas and/
and/or high UL interference
Micro site feasible
feasible,, where low (bad
bad))
RSCPs and Ec/
Ec/Io from macro layer
Micro site in the center of traffic
Test transmitter is a good idea,
idea, using
tems for UL noise rise measurement
New micro site
Macro site
600m
600m
600m
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Fill- in Strategy
FillStrategy:: Combined macro/
macro/
micro structureon single carrier
Macro
Macro//micro structure on single carrier is a necessity inter
inter--frequency
handover is (too
(too)) slow
Less than 400m of macro site distance in dense urban not feasible no
gain from further densification anymore
Problem: micro site has to be selected extremely carefully
Hypothesis
Hypothesis:: low # of users in similar RSCPs from micro and macro layer,
layer, in
order to prevent high UL interference
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3D problem
Highey storeys need special attention,
attention, users
cause of lot of UL interference
Bad Qos,
Qos , Ec
Ec//Io
Io,, BLER
Critical antenna placement for cell 2
DEF: Only low # of users in similar RSCPs 1 and 2
DEF: Only low # of users in SHO
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Conclusion
Few days till
commercial launch...
launch...
3G NETWORK
IS
READY !
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Our slogan for 3G:
Theres more to life than
words ...
Thank you for your attention
