BEST MEDICAL MNEMONICS
Acute ischemia
The 6 P's of acute ischemia:
Pain
Pallor
Paralysis
Pulse deficit
Paresthesias
Poikilothermia
The 4 S' s of adrenal crisis
management:
Salt: 0.9% saline
Steroids: IV hydrocortisone 100 mg
q 8 h
Support
Search for the underlying illness
AIDS pathogens
The Major Pathogens
Concerning Complete T-Cell
Collapse
Toxoplasma gondii
Mycobacterium avium-intracelLular
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Tuberculosis
CMV
Cryptosporidium parvum
Alcohol Abuse : CAGE
Have you ever felt you should Cut down on your
drinking?
Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking ?
Have you ever felt bad or Guilty about your drinking?
Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to
steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover(Eye
opener)?
Aortic Stenosis
ACSAngina,
CHF ,
Syncope.
It' s not (h)ARDS to diagnose
ARDS:
Acute onset
Ratio (Pao2/Fio2) < 200
Diffuse infiltration
Swan-Ganz wedge pressure < 18 mm
Hg
Meds for asthma exacerbations ASTHMA
Albuterol
Steroids
Theophylline (rare)
Humidified 02
Magnesium (severe exacerbations)
Anticholinergics
Conditions associated with berry aneurysms that can MAKE on SAH more likely:
Marfan's syndrome
Aortic coarctation
Kidney disease (autosomal dominant,
polycystic)
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Sickle cell anemia
Atherosclerosis
History (familial)
BPP
When performing a BPP, remember
to Test the Baby, MAN!
Fetal Tone
Fetal Breathing
Fetal Movement
Amniotic fluid volume
Nonstress test
BPPV,
With BPPV, it's all in the name:
Benign =otolith (not a tumor).
Paroxysmal = sudden, temporary episodes
lasting < 1 minute.
Positional =triggered by turning in bed or
reaching overhead.
Vertigo = vertigo or dizziness is the main
symptom.
DEMENTIAS
Degenerative diseases (Parkinson's, Huntington's)
Endocrine (thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, adrenal)
Metabolic (alcohol, electrolytes, vitamin B12 deficiency,
glucose, hepatic, renal, Wilson's disease)
Exogenous (heavy metals, carbon monoxide, drugs)
Neoplasia
Trauma (subdural hematoma)
Infection (meningitis, encephalitis, endocarditis, syphilis,
HIV , prion diseases, Lyme disease)
Affective disorders (pseudodementia)
Stroke/Structure (vascular dementia, ischemia, vasculitis,
normal pressure hydrocephalus)
Causes of Secondary hypertension
CHAPS
Cushing's syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's
syndrome)
Aortic coarctation
Pheochromocytoma
Stenosis of renal arteries
Common UTI bugs
SEEKS PP
Serratia
Ecoli
Enterobader
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Pseudomonas
Proteus mirabiLIs
Congenital heart disease
5 Ts:
1. Truncus arteriosus (1vessel)
2. Transposition (2 switched vessels)
3. Tricuspid atresia (3= Tri)
4. Tetralogy of Fallot (4= Tet r a)
5. TAPVR (5 letters in the name)
Rx for COPD
COPD
Corticosteroids
Oxygen
Prevention (cigarette-smoking
cessation,
pneumococcal and influenza vaccines)
Dilators (B2-agonists, anticholinergics)
CREST Syndrome
Calcinosis
Raynaud's
Esophageal Dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
I WATCH DEATH
Infection
Withdrawal
Acute metabolic/substance Abuse
Trauma
CNS pathology
Hypoxia
Deficiencies
Endocrine
Acute vascular/MI
Toxins/drugs
Heavy metals
Indications for urgent dialysis
AEIOU
Acidosis
Electrolyte abnormalities (hyperkalemia)
Ingestions (salicylates, theophylline,
methanol, barbiturates, lithium,
ethylene glycol)
Overload (fluid)
Uremic symptoms (pericarditis,
encephalopathy , bleeding, nausea,
pruritus, myoclonus)
DiGeorge syndrome
CATCH 22
Cardiac abnormalities (tra nsposition)
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
22q 11 deletion
Presentation of endocarditis
JR = NO FAME
Janeway lesions
Roth's spots
Nail-bed (splinter) hemorrhage
OsLer's nodes
Fever
Anemia
Murmur
Emboli
Extrapyramidal System
Evolution of EPS-4 and A
4 hours: Acute dystonia
4 days: Akinesia
4 weeks: Akathisia
4 months: Tardive dyskinesia (often
permanent)
Fever and Rash
Tiny GERMS
Typhoid fever
Gonococcemia
Endocarditis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Meningococcemia
Sepsis (bacterial)
GBS
The 5 A' s of GBS:
Acute inflammatory demyelinating
polyradiculopathy
Ascending paralysis
Autonomic neuropathy
Arrhythmias
Albuminocytologic dissociation
HELLP syndrome
Hemolysis
Elevated LFTs
Low Platelets
Hematuria
I PEE RBCS
Infection (UTI)
Polycystic kidney disease
Exercise
External trauma
Renal glomerular disease
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Cancer
Stones
Howell Jolly bodies & Heinz bodies
Howell Jolly bodies are nuclear inclusions with in
RBC. Normally they are removed during
circulation when they pass through spleen,
Howell Jolly bodies are associated with Asplenia or
in Splenectomy cases.
Heinz bodies are associated with conditions where
there is Oxidative damage of Hemoglobin
Heinz Bodies are inclusions within RBC composed
of denatured hemoglobin
CHIMPANZEES
Hypercalcemia
Calcium supplementation
Hyperparathyroidism/Hyperthyroidism
Iatrogenic (thiazides, parenteral nutrition)/Immobility
(especially in the ICU setting)
Milk-alkali syndrome
Paget's disease
Adrenal insufficiency/Acromegaly
Neoplasm
Zollinger-ELLison syndrome (MEN type 1)
Excess vitamin A
Excess vitamin D
Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disease
Treatment of hyperkalemia
C BIG K
Calcium
Bicarbonate
Insulin
Glucose
Kayexalate
Hypernatremia
causes
The 6 D's
Diuresis
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus
Docs (iatrogenic)
Diarrhea
Disease (kidney, sickle cell)
Infective Endocarditis
Bacteria FROM JANE :
Fever
Roth spots
Osler nodes
Murmur
Janeway lesions
Anemia
Nail-bed hemorrhage
Emboli
Lichen planus
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar
papules and plaques (6 Ps)
Lichen planus is the "P" disease:
Planar ,
Purple, Pruritic, Persistent, Polygonal,
Penile, Perioral, Puzzling, and Koebner's
Phenomenon.
Lung cancer
Lung cancer mets are often found in
LABBs
Liver
Adrenals
Brain
Bone
Lyme Disease
FAKE a Key Lyme pie:
Facial nerve palsy (typically bilateral)
Arthritis
Kardiac block
Erythema migrans
Mania
DIG FAST
Distractibility
Insomnia (J- need for sleep)
Grandiosity (i self-esteem)/more Goal directed
Flight of ideas (or racing thoughts)
Activities/psycho-Motor Agitation
Sexual indiscretions/other pleasurable
activities
Talkativeness/pressured speech
MCA stroke
MCA stroke can cause CHANGes:
Contralateral paresis and sensory loss in
the face and arm
Homonymous hemianopsia
Aphasia (dominant)
Neglect (nondomin ant)
Gaze preference toward the side of the
lesion
Melanoma
The ABCDEs of melanoma:
Asymmetric
Irregular Border
Irregular Color
Diameter > 6 mm
Evolution: changing or new lesions
Osteosarcoma
osteo-SarComa -->
Sun burst
Codman triangle (periosteal
elevation)
Ectopic pregnancy
The classic triad of ectopic pregnancy
PAVEs the way for diagnosis:
Pain (abdominal)
Amenorrhea
Vaginal bleeding
Ectopic pregnancy
Differential diagnosis of pediatric limp
STARTSS HOTT
Septic joint
Tumor
Avascular necrosis (Legg-Calve-Perthes)
Rheumatoid arthritis/JIA
Tuberculosis
Sickle cell disease
SCFE
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Osteomyelitis
Trauma
Toxic synovitis
Acute causes of pelvic pain
A ROPE
Appendicitis
Ruptured ovarian cyst
Ovarian torsion/abscess
PID
Ectopic pregnancy
Causes of pericarditis
CARDIAC RIND
Collagen vascular disease
Aortic dissection
Radiation
Drugs
Infections
Acute renal failure
Cardiac (MI)
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome
Characteristics of personality
disorders
MEDIC
Maladaptive
Enduring
Deviate from cultural norms
Inflexible
Cause impairment in social or
occupational functioning
Pheochromocytoma
rule of 70' s:
10% extra-adrenal
10% bilateral
10% malignant
10% occur in children
10% familial
Presentation of pneumothorax
P-THORAX
Pleuritic pain
Tracheal deviation
Hyperresonance
Onset sudden
Reduced breath sounds (and dyspnea)
Absent fremitus (asymmetric chest wall)
X-ray shows collapse
Posterior circulation strokes
The 4 "deadly D' s" of posterior
circulation strokes
Diplopia
Dizziness
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Postoperative fever
The 6 W's of postoperative fever:
Wind: Atelectasis, pneumonia
Water: UTI
Wounds: Wound infection, abscess
Walking: DVT
Wonder drugs: Drug reaction
Womb: Endometritis
Preeclampsia
The classic triad of preeclampsia
It's not just HyPE
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Edema
Pulmonary thromboembolism
VIRchow' s triad:
Vascular trauma
Increased coagulability
Reduced blood flow (stasis)
Pulseless Electrical Activity
The 5 H's and 5 T's
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hydrogen ion: Acidosis
Hyper/Hypo: K+, other metabolic
Hypothermia
Tablets: Drug OD, ingestion
Tamponade: Cardiac
Tension pneumothorax
Thrombosis: Coronary
Thrombosis: Pulmonary embolism
Restrictive lung disease
If the lungs AIN'T compliant:
Alveolar (edema, hemorrhage, pus)
Interstitial lung disease (idiopathic interstitial
pneumonias), Inflammatory (sarcoid,
cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis), Idiopathic
Neuromuscular (myasthenia, phrenic nerve
palsy, myopathy)
Thoracic wall (kyphoscoliosis, obesity, ascites,
pregnancy, ankylosing spondylitis)
Rheumatic fever
FEVERSS:
Fever
Erythema marginatum
Valvular damage (vegetation and fibrosis)
ESR
Red-hot joints (migratory polyarthritis)
Subcutaneous nodules
St. Vitus dance (Sydenham chorea)
Sarcoidosis
GRUELING
Granulomas
aRthritis
Uveitis
Erythema nodosum
Lymphadenopathy
Interstitial fibrosis
Negative TB test
Gammaglobulinemia
Secondary Eosinophilia
Causes of 2 eosinophilia
NAACP
Neoplasm
Allergies
Asthma
Collagen vascular disease
Parasites
SLE
DOPAMINE RASH
Discoid rash
Oral ulcers
Photosensitivity
Arthritis
Malar rash
Immunologic criteria
Neurologic symptoms (lupus cerebritis, seizures)
Elevated ESR
Renal disease
ANA ()
Serositis (pleural or pericardia! effusion)
Hematologic abnormalities
Substance dependence
Features of substance dependence WITHDraw IT
Three or more of 7 within a 12-month period:
Withdrawal
Interest or Important activities given up or reduced
Tolerance
Harm (physical and psychosocial) with continued use
Desire to cut down/control
Intended time/amount exceeded
Time spent obtaining/using the substance is increase
SUICIDE
Risk factors for suicide SAD PERSONS
Sex (male)
Age (older)
Depression
Previous attempt
Ethanol/substance abuse
Rational thought
Sickness (chronic illness)
Organized plan/access to weapons
No spouse
Social support lacking
TCA toxicity
Tri-C's
Convulsions
Coma
Cardiac arrhythmias
Pheochromocytoma
The 5 P's of pheochromocytoma:
Pressure (BP)
Pain (headache)
Perspiration
Palpitations
Pallor
Thyroid neoplasms
Thyroid neoplasms The most Popular is
Papillary
Papillae (branching)
Palpable lymph nodes
"Pupil" nuclei ("Orphan Annie" nuclei)
Psammoma bodies within lesion
(often) Also has a Positive Prognosis
TORCHeS
TORCHeS pathogens:
Toxoplasmosis
Other'
Rubella
CMV
Herpes simplex virus
HIV
Syphilis
Contraindications to tPA therapy
SAMPLE STAGES
Stroke or head trauma within the last 3 months
Anticoagulation with INR > 1.7 or prolonged PTI
MI (recent)
Prior intracranial hemorrhage
Low platelet count (< 100,000/mm')
Elevated BP: Systolic > 185 or diastolic > 110 mm Hg
Surgery in the past 14 days
TIA (mild symptoms or rapid improvement of symptoms)
Age < 18
GI or urinary bleeding in the past 21 days
Elevated (> 400 mg/dL) or J- (< 50 mg/dL) blood glucose
Seizures present at the onset of stroke
Trauma
Primary survey of a trauma patient
ABCDE
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
Causes of urinary incontinence
without specific urogenital pathology DIAPPERS
Delirium/confusional state
Infection
Atrophic urethritis/vaginitis
Pharmaceutical
Psychiatric causes (especially depression)
Excessive urinary output (hyperglycemia,
hypercalcemia, CHF)
Restricted mobility
Stool impaction
Subscribe our channel
Visit :
http://medicinembbs.blogspot.com
