Gas Gathering

Gas Gathering

1999 AEA Technology plc - All Rights Reserved.

Gas 6_1.pdf

Gas Gathering

Workshop
Fast Track to page 6.

In this example, a gas gathering system located on varied terrain is

simulated using the steady state capabilities of HYSYS. The following
figure shows the physical configuration of this system superimposed on
a topographic map. The system consists of four wells distributed over
an area of approximately 2.0 square km, connected to a gas plant via a
network of pipelines.

The gas in this case is varied, both sour and sweet gas are being
combined in the pipeline, as well as a gas condensate mixture. A Mixer
combines all of the incoming gas streams from the outlying wells into
one common header. Flowlines extending from this central site to each
of the individual wells are modelled in HYSYS using the Pipe Segment
operation. Since the plant is located in an area with mixed terrain, the
elevation changes, must be accounted for in the Pipe Segments.
Additional Mixer operations are used to model mixing points where
flows from remote wells are combined in common lines.

Gas Gathering

Learning Objectives
Once you have completed this module, you will be able to:

Use the Pipe Segment in HYSYS to model pipelines

Prerequisites
Adding Streams and Operations

Process Overview
Pipe Diameters for each of the branches are:
Pipe Branch

Diameter

Branch 1

76.2 mm (3")

Branch 2

76.2 mm (3")

Branch 3

76.2 mm (3")

Branch 4

101.6 mm (4")

Branch 5

76.2 mm (3")

Branch 6

152 mm (6")

Branch 7

152 mm (6")

Schedule 40 steel pipe is used throughout and all branches are buried
at a depth of 1m (3 feet). All pipes are uninsulated.
Elevation data for each of the branches are provided in the following
table. Branches that traverse undulating terrain have been subdivided
into a number of segments with elevation points assigned at locations
where there is a significant slope change. Such locations in the network

Gas Gathering

are labeled on the schematic diagram with the elevation value in italics.

Branch
Branch 1

Branch 2

Segment

Branch 4

Branch 6

meter (feet)

639 (2095)
645 (2110)

6 (15)

125 (410)

636.5 (2089)

-6.5 (-21)

100 (325)

637 (2090)

0.5 (1)

GasWell 2

614 (2015)
200 (665)

637 (2090)

GasWell 3

23 (75)
635.5 (2085)

160 (525)

648 (2125)

12.5 (40)

100 (325)

634 (2080)

-14 (-45)

205 (670)

633 (2077)

-1 (-3)

Branch 1 &
2

637 (2090)

355 (1165)

633 (2077)

GasWell 4

-4 (-13)
632.5 (2075)

180 (590)

625 (2050)

-7.5 (-25)

165 (540)

617 (2025)

-8 (-25)

Branch 3 &
4

633 (2077)

300 (985)

617 (2025)

Branch 5 &
6
1

meter (feet)

150 (500)

1
Branch 7

meter (feet)

Elevation
Change

1
Branch 5

Elevation

GasWell 1

1
Branch 3

Length

-16 (-52)
617 (2025)

340 (1115)

604 (1980)

-13 (-45)

Process Overview

Gas Gathering

Building the Simulation

Open case Optional6.hsc
Start adding the pipe
segments.

The gas field will be modelled using the Peng Robinson property
package. The Fluid Package needs to contain the components from
Module 1, Getting Started as well as the Oil Components from the Gas
Chromatograph Module.
Rather than adding the components and the oil again, open the case
from Module 5 (containing the four Gas Well streams).
The following components should appear in the Fluid Package, N2, H2S,
CO2, C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, C6, C7+*, H20, NBP[0]78*,
NBP[0]162*, NBP[0]245*, NBP[0]318*, NBP[0]431*
The four streams should have the following values:

If you are using Field units, the

oil components will have
different names,
corresponding to the different
NBP.

GasWell 1

GasWell 2

GasWell 3

GasWell 4

Temperature
C (F)

40 (105)

45 (115)

43 (110)

35 (95)

Pressure
kPa (psia)

4135 (600)

3450 (500)

Flow
kgmole/h
(lbmole/hr)

425 (935)

375 (825)

575 (1270)

545 (1200)

Adding the Pipe Segments

The Pipe Segment is used to simulate a wide variety of piping situations
ranging from single/multiphase plant piping with rigorous heat
transfer estimation, to large capacity looped pipeline problems. It
offers the pressure drop correlations developed by Gregory, Aziz, and
Mandhane, and Beggs and Brill. A third option, OLGAS, is also available
as a gradient method. Four levels of complexity in heat transfer
estimation allow you to find a solution as rigorous as required while
allowing for quick generalized solutions to well-known problems.
The Pipe Segment offers three calculation modes: Pressure Drop, Flow,
and Length; the appropriate mode will automatically be selected
depending on the information supplied. In order to solve the pipe, you
must supply enough information to completely define both the
material balance and energy balance.

Getting Started

5.

Select the library components N2, H2S, CO2, C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4,
i-C5, n-C5, C6, and H2O.

6.

Select the Hypothetical radio button under Add Comps to add a

hypothetical component to the Fluid Package.

A hypothetical component can be used to model non-library

components, defined mixtures, undefined mixtures or solids. We will
be using a hypothetical component to model the components in the
gas mixture heavier than hexane. To create this hypothetical
component, select the Quick Create A Hypo Comp button.

When you use the Quick

Create a Hypo Comp button,
HYSYS adds a hydrocarbon
class hypo by default. If you
want to add a hypo from
another class, push the Quick
Access to Hypo Mgr button
and then in the view that
appears, push the View Group
button. This will open the
Tabular Hypothetical Input
Manager, where you can add
non-hydrocarbon class
hypotheticals.

Getting Started

7.

On the ID tab of the hypo component view, supply the

Component Name, C7+.

HYSYS always places an *

after a hypo name so it can be
distinguished from library
components.

In this case, we do not know the structure of the hypothetical

component and we are modelling a mixture so the Structure Builder
will not be used.

Getting Started

8.

Move to the Critical tab. The only property supplied by the lab for
the C7+ component is the Normal Boiling Pt. Enter a value of
110C (230F). Press the Estimate Unknown Props button to
estimate all the other properties and fully define the hypothetical
component.

9.

When the hypo has been defined, return to the Fluid Package by
closing the Hypothetical Component C7+* view.

10.

Add the hypo to the Current Component List by selecting it in the

Hypo Components group and then pressing the Add Hypo
button.

The minimum information

required for defining a hypo is
the Normal Boiling Point or
the Density and Molecular
Weight.

You can use the Sort List

button to order the
Component List.

Getting Started

15

Adding a Stream from the Menu Bar

To add a stream using the <F11> hot key:
1.

Press the <F11> hot key. The stream property view appears. If the
stream property view is not displayed, double click on the newly
created stream to bring up the property view.

Highlight the Stream Name cell. Change the stream name by typing in a
new name:
2.

Change the stream name to GasWell 1.

3.

Click on the Check button, or press Enter.

15

Getting Started

6.

If there are <empty> values

either enter 0 or press the
Normalize button. The stream
is not fully defined until all
composition values have a
numerical input.

17

Enter the following compositions

For this Component...

Enter this Mole Fraction...

N2

0.0002

H2S

0.0405

CO2

0.0151

C1

0.7250

C2

0.0815

C3

0.0455

i-C4

0.0150

n-C4

0.0180

i-C5

0.0120

n-C5

0.0130

C6

0.0090

C7+

0.0252

H2O

0.0000

7.

Press the OK button when all the mole fractions have been
entered.

8.

Close the Stream property view.

17

18

Getting Started

Adding a Stream from the Workbook

Workbook button

To open or display the Workbook, press the Workbook button on the

Button Bar.
1.
2.

Enter the stream name, GasWell 2 in the **New** cell.

Double click on the Molar Flow cell and enter the following
compositions:

For this Component...

Enter this Mole Fraction...

N2

0.0025

H2S

0.0237

CO2

0.0048

C1

0.6800

C2

0.1920

C3

0.0710

i-C4

0.0115

n-C4

0.0085

i-C5

0.0036

n-C5

0.0021

C6

0.0003

C7+

0.0000

H2O

0.0000

3.

Click the OK button to close the Input Composition for Stream

dialog box.

Adding a Stream from the Object Palette

1.
Material Stream button (Blue)

18

2.

If the Object Palette is not open on the Desktop, press the <F4>
hot key to open it.
Double click on the Material Stream button. The Stream property
view displays.

3.

Change the name of the stream to GasWell 3.

4.

Double click on Molar Flow.

Getting Started

5.

19

Enter the following stream compositions:

For this Component...

Enter this Mole Fraction...

N2

0.0050

H2S

0.0141

CO2

0.0205

C1

0.5664

C2

0.2545

C3

0.0145

i-C4

0.0041

n-C4

0.0075

i-C5

0.0038

n-C5

0.0037

C6

0.0060

C7+

0.0090

H2O

0.0909

Saving your Case

Save your case often to avoid
losing information.

You can use one of several different methods to save a case in HYSYS.

From the File menu select Save to save your case with the
same name.
From the File menu select Save As to save your case in a
different location or with a different name.
Press the Save button on the Button Bar to save your case with
the same name.

Save Button

Save your case!

19

Getting Started

31

Printing an Individual Stream Datasheet

To print the datasheet for an individual Stream, Object Inspect the
stream property view title bar and follow the same procedure as with
the Workbook.

Finishing the Simulation

The final step in this section is to add the stream information necessary
for the case to be used in future modules.
Add the following temperature, pressure and flowrate to the streams:
Temperature

Pressure

Flowrate

40C
(105F)

4135 kPa
(600 psia)

425 kgmole/h

GasWell 2

45C
(115F)

3450 kPa
(500 psia)

375 kgmole/h
(825 lbmole/hr)

GasWell 3

40C
(105F)

GasWell 1

(935 lbmole/hr)

575 kgmole/h
(1270 lbmole/hr)

Save your case!

31

Oil Characterization

Building the Simulation

Before you can start the actual characterization process, you must:

Select a Property Package

Add any non-oil components, specifically the Light Ends that
are to be used in the characterization process.

Defining the Simulation Basis

For this module, you will be building on the case you started in Module
1.

Basis Environment Button

1.
2.

Open the case you saved at the end of Module 1.

Press the Basis Environment button to return to the Basis
Environment.

3.

Go to the Oil Manager tab and press the Enter Oil Environment
button. You could also press the Oil Environment button on the
Button Bar. The Oil Characterization view displays.

Oil Environment Button

Oil Characterization

Oil Characterization
The petroleum characterization in HYSYS accepts different types of
information about the oil. The more information you can supply about
your sample, the more accurate the representation will be.
The Minimum amount of
information that HYSYS
requires to characterize an oil:

There are three steps involved in characterizing any oil in HYSYS:

a laboratory distillation
curve

1.

Characterize the Assay

2.

Generate Pseudo Components

two of the following bulk

properties: Molecular Weight,
Density, or Watson K Factor

3.

Install the Oil in the Flowsheet

Characterize the Assay

The assay contains all of the petroleum laboratory data, boiling point
curves, light ends, property curves and bulk properties. HYSYS uses the
supplied Assay data to generate internal TBP, molecular weight, density
and viscosity curves, referred to as Working Curves.

Assay Types
Accurate volatility characteristics are vital when representing a
petroleum fluid in your process simulation. HYSYS accepts the
following standard laboratory analytical assay procedures.

For all Distillation Curves, you

are required to enter at least
five data points.

True Boiling Point (TBP) - Performed using a multi-stage

batch fractionation apparatus operated at relatively high reflux
ratios. TBP distillations conducted at atmospheric or vacuum
conditions are accepted by the characterization.
ASTM D86 - Distillation employing batch fractionation but
conducted using non-refluxed Engler flasks. Generally used for
light to medium petroleum fluids. HYSYS can correct for
barometric pressure or cracking effects. You must provide the
data on a liquid volume basis.
D1160 distillation - Distillation employing batch fractionation
but conducted using non-refluxed Engler flasks. Generally used
for heavier petroleum fluids. Curves can be given at
atmospheric pressure or corrected for vacuum conditions. You
must provide the data on a liquid volume basis.
D86_D1160 - This is a combination of the D86/D1160
distillation data types. You can correct for thermal cracking and
enable vacuum distillation for sub-atmospheric conditions. You
must provide data on a liquid volume basis.
ASTM D2887 - Simulated distillation analysis from
chromatographic data. Reported only on a weight percent
basis at atmospheric conditions.

Oil Characterization

Equilibrium Flash Vaporization (EFV) - Involves a series of

experiments at constant atmospheric pressure, where the total
vapour is in equilibrium with the unvaporized liquid.
Chromatographic Analysis - A gas chromatograph analysis
of a small sample of completely vaporized oil, analyzed for
paraffin, aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbon groups from C6
to C30. Chromatographic analyses may be entered on a mole,
mass or liquid volume basis.

Light Ends
Light Ends are defined as pure components with low boiling points.
Components in the boiling range of C2 to n-C5 are most commonly of
interest.
HYSYS provides three options to account for Light Ends:

Ignore - HYSYS will characterize the Light Ends portion of your

sample as pseudo components. This is the least accurate
method and as such, is not recommended.
Auto Calculate - Select this when you do not have a separate
Light Ends analysis but you want the low boiling portion of your
assay represented by pure components. HYSYS will only use
the pure components you have selected in the Fluid Package.
Input Composition - Select this when you have a separate
Light Ends assay and your petroleum assay was prepared with
the Light Ends in the sample. HYSYS will provide a form listing
the pure components you selected in the Fluid Package. This is
the most accurate method of representation.

Bulk Properties
Bulk Properties for the sample may also be supplied. The bulk
properties are optional if a distillation curve or chromatograph have
been supplied.

The units for density can be

mass density, API or specific
gravity, chosen from the drop
down list in the Edit Bar
The Watson K Factor is an
approximate index of
paraffinicity. K = (Mean Avg
BP)1/3/(sp gr 60F/60F)

Molecular Weight - This is the Molecular Weight of the bulk

sample. It must be greater than 16.
Mass Density - The mass density must be between 250 and
2000 kg/m3.
Watson (UOP) K Factor - This must be between 8 and 15.
Bulk Viscositys - Given at two reference temperatures,
typically 37.78 C and 98.89 C (100 F and 210 F).

Oil Characterization

Physical Property Curves

HYSYS accepts different types of physical property curves

Molecular Weight Curve

Density Curve
Viscosity Curve
Physical property analyses are normally reported from the laboratory
using one of the following two conventions.

An Independent assay basis, where a common set of assay

fractions is NOT used for both the distillation curve and the
physical property curve
A Dependent assay basis, where a common set of assay
fractions is utilized for both the distillation curve and the
physical property curve.
As you supply more information to HYSYS, the accuracy of the
Petroleum Characterization increases. Supplying any or all of the bulk
molecular weight, bulk density, or bulk Watson K factor will increase
the accuracy of your pseudo component properties. You can also
supply laboratory curves for molecular weight, density, and/or
viscosity, which will increase the accuracy further.

Adding Assay Data

1.

On the Assay tab of the Oil Characterization view, select the Add
button to display the Input Data tab of the Assay view.

2.

In the Name cell, change the assay name to Res-Fluid.

3.

For the Bulk Props cell, use the drop down menu to select Used.

4.

From the Data Type drop down, select Chromatograph.

5.

Once the correct Data Type is chosen, a third cell should appear.
This is the Light Ends cell; use the drop down menu to select
Input Composition.

Oil Characterization

When steps 1 - 5 are completed, the view should look something like
this.

6.

You need to enter the light

components in the Fluid
Package for them to be
available to the Oil Manager.

Select the Light Ends radio button in the Input Data group.
Specify the Light Ends Basis as Mole % and enter the following
data:

For this Component...

Enter this Mole Percent...

N2

0.98

H2S

0.00

CO2

0.37

C1

41.83

C2

8.87

C3

7.11

i-C4

1.47

n-C4

3.75

i-C5

1.25

n-C5

1.63

n-C6

0.00

H2O

0.00

10

Oil Characterization

7.

10

Select the Paraffinic radio button and specify the Basis as Mole.
Enter the following data.

For this Component...

Enter this Mole Fraction...

Hexane (C6)

0.0268

Heptane (C7)

0.0371

Octane (C8)

0.0348

Nonane (C9)

0.0231

Decane (C10)

0.0240

Undecane (C11)

0.0183

Dodecane (C12)

0.0142

Tridecane (C13)

0.0141

Tetradecane (C14)

0.0113

Pentadecane (C15)

0.0099

Hexadecane (C16)

0.0074

Heptadecane (C17)

0.0082

Octadecane (C18)

0.0062

Nonadecane (c19)

0.0049

Eicosane (C20)

0.0046

Heneicosane (C21)

0.0039

Docosane (C22)

0.0036

Tricosane (C23)

0.0032

Tetracosane (C24)

0.0027

Pentacosane (C25)

0.0024

Hexacosane (C26)

0.0021

Heptacosane (C27)

0.0020

Octacosane (C28)

0.0018

Nonacosane (C29)

0.0016

Triconane Plus

0.0133

Oil Characterization

8.

Specific Gravity is added in the

Mass Density cell.

Just as with Fluid Packages,

Assays can be Imported and
Exported to be used in
different cases.

Select the Aromatic radio button, and enter the following mole
fractions.

For this Component...

Enter this Mole Fraction...

Benzene (C6H6)

0.0004

Toluene (C7H8)

0.0015

EBZ, p+m-Xylene (C8H10)

0.0070

o-Xylene (C8H10)

0.0028

1,2,4 TriMethylBenzene (C9H12)

0.0028

9.

11

Enter the following data for the Naphthenic components.

For this Component...

Enter this Mole Fraction...

Cyclopentane (C5H10)

0.0002

MethylCycloPentane (C6H12)

0.0106

Cyclohexane (C6H12)

0.0050

MethylCycloHexane (C7H14)

0.0156

10.

Select the Bulk radio button to enter the Bulk information.

11.

The Molecular Weight is 79.6 and the Specific Gravity (Density)

is 0.6659 SG_60/60api.

12.

Once you have entered all of the data, press the Calculate button.
The status message at the bottom of the Assay view will display
Assay Was Calculated.

Once the Assay is calculated, the working curves are displayed on the
Working Curves tab. The working curves are regressed from the Assay
input. The calculation of the Blend is based on these working curves.
13.

Close this view to return to the Oil Characterization view. You

should still be on the Assay tab of the view.

Notice that all of the buttons on the view are now accessible.

11

12

Oil Characterization

Pseudo Component Generation/Blending

the Oil
The Cut/Blend characterization in HYSYS splits the internal working
curves for one or more assays into pseudo components. The Blend tab
of the Oil Characterization view provides two functions, Cutting the Oil
into Pseudo Components and Blending two or more Assays into one set
of pseudo components.

Cut Ranges
You have three choices for the Cut Option Selection:

Auto Cut - HYSYS cuts the assay based on internal values

Range

Cuts

37.78 - 425 oC (100 - 800 oF)

28 (4 per 37.78 oC/100 oF)

425 - 650 oC (800 - 1200 oF)

8 (2 per 37.78 oC/100 oF)

650 - 870 oC (1200 - 1600 oF)

4 (1 per 37.78 oC/100 oF)

User Points - You specify the number of pseudo components

required. HYSYS proportions the cuts according to an internal
weighting scheme.
Cutpoint Range

Internal Weighting

IBP - 425 oC (IBP - 800 oF)

4 per 37.78 oC/100 oF

425 - 650 oC (800 - 1200 oF)

2 per 37.78 oC/100 oF

650 oC - FBP (1200 oF - FBP)

1 per 37.78 oC/100 oF

User Ranges - You specify the boiling point ranges and the
number of cuts per range.

12

Oil Characterization

13

Cutting the Assay

Once the Assay has been calculated, you can cut the Assay into
individual pseudo components.
1.
2.

Note that reducing the

Number of Cuts will increase
simulation speed, but it may
have a negative effect on
simulation accuracy.

Move to the Cut/Blend tab of the Oil Characterization view.

Select the Add button to create a new Blend.
In the Name cell, change the name from the default, Blend-1 to
Res-Fluid.

3.

From the list of Available Assays (there should only be one),

select Res-Fluid and press the Add button. This will add the Assay
to the Oil Flow Information table and a Blend (Cut) will
automatically be calculated. The Blend is calculated using the
default Cut Option, Auto Cut.

4.

Instead of using the default Auto Cut option, change the Cut
Option Selection to User Points and change the Number of Cuts
to 5.

The results of the calculation can be viewed on the Tables tab of the
Blend view.

Installing the Oil in the Flowsheet

The final step of the characterization is to transfer the pseudo
component information into the Flowsheet.
1.

Move to the Install Oil tab of the Oil Characterization view.

2.

The Blend, Res-Fluid appears in the Oil Install Information

group.

3.

In the Stream Name column, enter the name, GasWell 4, to which

the oil composition will be transferred.

HYSYS will assign the composition of your calculated Oil and Light
Ends into this stream, completing the characterization process.
Return to the Basis Environment by pressing the Return to Basis
Environment button.
When you return to the Basis Environment, the pseudo components
that you have generated in the Oil Characterization are placed in the
current Fluid Package. You can View the Fluid Package and examine the
individual hypothetical components which make up your oil.

Save your case!

13

16

Oil Characterization

Composite Plot Tab

The Composite Plot tab allows you to visually check the match between
the input assay data and the calculated property curves. The choice for
the graphical comparison is made from the Property drop down list.

TBP or ASTM Distillation Curve

Molecular Weight Curves
Mass Density Curves
Viscosity Curves
Any User Property Curve

Viewing the Stream in the Simulation

Leave the Oil Environment, return to the Basis Environment, and enter
the Simulation Environment. Move to the Workbook to view the stream
that you created, GasWell 4. You can view the stream composition on
the Compositions tab of the WorkBook.
If you decided that some of the pseudo components parameters need
to be recalculated, you can return to the Oil Environment at any time to
make changes.
The following parameters need to be added to the stream GasWell 4:
In this cell...

Enter...

Temperature

35C (95F)

Flowrate

545 kgmole/h (1200 lbmole/hr)

Save your case!

16

Gas Gathering

In this simulation, we will be using seven individual Pipe Segment

operations in the gathering system. In addition, each Pipe Operation
may contain multiple segments to represent the various elevation rises
and drops.

Adding the first Pipe Segment

1.

Pipe Segment Button

Double click on the Pipe Segment button.

Connections page
On the Connections page, the Feed, Product and Energy stream
connections are made.
2.

Complete the Connections page as shown below:

Gas Gathering

Parameters page
On this page, you can select the gradient method which will be used for
Two-Phase (VL) flow calculations. The options are:

Gregory Aziz Mandhane

Beggs and Brill
OLGAS
For all of the pipes in this example, use the Beggs and Brill correlation
for two phase flow.
For single phase streams, the
Darcy equation is used for
pressure drop predictions.

The Pressure Drop for the pipe can be supplied on the Parameters
page. In this example, it will be left empty and calculated.

Rating tab
Dimensions page
On the Sizing page, you construct the length-elevation profile for the
Pipe Segment. Each pipe section and fitting is labeled as a segment. To
fully define the pipe sections segments, you must also specify pipe
schedule, diameters, pipe material and a number of increments.
The first pipe, Branch 1 is broken into three segments.
Horizontal pipe sections have
an Elevation of 0. Positive
elevation indicates that the
outlet is higher than the inlet.

HYSYS contains a database for

three pipe schedules, 40, 80
and 160.

3.

Add the first segment to the pipe unit operation by pressing the
Add Segment button. Specify the following information for the
segment.

In this cell...

Enter...

Fitting/Pipe

Pipe

Length

150 m (500 ft)

Elevation Change

6 m (15 ft)

4.

To specify the diameter, press the View Segment button.

5.

Select Schedule 40 as the Pipe Schedule.

6.

From the Available Nominal Diameters group, select 76.20 mm

(3 inch) diameter pipe and press the Specify button. The Outer
and Inner Diameter will be calculated by HYSYS.

7.

Use the default Pipe Material, Mild Steel and the default
Roughness, 4.572e-5 m.

Gas Gathering

8.

Two more segments are needed to complete the branch.

In this cell...

Enter...

Enter...

Segment

Fitting/Pipe

Pipe

Pipe

Length

125 m (410 ft)

100 m (325 ft)

Elevation

-6.5 m (-21 ft)

0.5 m (1 ft)

Schedule

40

40

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 inch)

76.2 mm (3 inch)

When all three segments have been added and defined, the view should
look like this:

The Pipe Segment is not yet able to solve because we have not specified
any information about the heat transfer properties of the pipe.

10

Gas Gathering

Heat Transfer page

On this page, you select the method that HYSYS will use for the heat
transfer calculations.
You have the option of specifying the heat transfer information By
Segment or Overall.

By Segment - you specify the Ambient Temperature and HTC

(Heat Transfer Coefficient) for each segment that was created
on the Dimensions page.
Overall - one of four heat transfer methods will be applied to
the whole pipe segment.
Duty Method - if the Overall heat duty of the segment is
known, the energy balance can be calculated immediately.
Each increment is assumed to have the same heat loss.
Stream Temperatures - if both inlet and outlet and ambient
temperatures are specified, a linear profile is assumed and the
overall heat duty can be calculated.
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Specified - if the overall
HTC and Ambient Temperature are known, then rigorous heat
transfer calculations are performed on each increment of the
pipe.
Heat Transfer Coefficient Estimation - the overall HTC can
be found from its component parts.
Inside Film Convection
Outside Conduction/Convection
Conduction through Insulation
For all pipes in this simulation, use Overall and the Heat Transfer
Coefficient Estimation method.
9.

Supply an Ambient Temperature of 5C (40F)

10.

In the Heat Transfer Coefficient Estimation group, provide the

following information:

Inside

Outside - everything is default

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Gas Gathering

11

Conduction- everything is default, except the insulation thickness

which must be changed to zero.

Fast Track to page 15

What is the outlet pressure of Branch 1? __________

Completing the Simulation

Now add the remaining unit operations to your case.
1.

Add two Pipe Segments with the following values:

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 2

Feed

GasWell 2

Product

B2 Out

Energy

B2-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1

Remember for all pipes in this

example, use Schedule 40, an
Ambient Temperature of 5C.

Length

200 m (655 ft)

Elevation

23 m (75 ft)

Nominal Diameter

101.6 mm (4 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC

11

12

Gas Gathering

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 3

Feed

GasWell 3

Product

B3 Out

Energy

B3-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

160 m (525 ft)

Elevation

12.5 m (40 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Segment 2
Length

100 m (325 ft)

Elevation

-14 m (-45 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Segment 3
Length

205 m (670 ft)

Elevation

-1 m (-3 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC

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Gas Gathering

2.

13

Add a Mixer with the following information:

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Junction 1

Feed

B1 Out, B2 Out

Product

J1 Out

Parameters
Pressure Assignment

3.

Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet

Add two Pipe Segments to your case with the values provided in
the following tables.

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 4

Feed

J1 Out

Product

B4 Out

Energy

B4-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

355 m (1165 ft)

Elevation

-4 m (-13 ft)

Nominal Diameter

101.6 mm (4 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC

13

14

Gas Gathering

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 5

Feed

GasWell 4

Product

B5 Out

Energy

B5-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

180 m (590 ft)

Elevation

-7.5 m (-25 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Segment 2
Length

165 m (540 ft)

Elevation

-8 m (-25 ft)

Nominal Diameter

76.2 mm (3 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC

4.

Add a second Mixer to your case.

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Junction 2

Feed

B3 Out, B4 Out

Product

J2 Out

Parameters
Pressure Assignment

Equalize All

What is the pressure of GasWell 3? __________

How was this calculated? __________

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Gas Gathering

5.

15

Add a Pipe Segment to your case.

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 6

Feed

J2 Out

Product

B6 Out

Energy

B6-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

300 m (985 ft)

Elevation

-16 m (-52 ft)

Nominal Diameter

152.4 mm (6 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC

Continue with step 6.

6.

Add a Mixer to the simulation.

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Junction 3

Feed

B5 Out, B6 Out

Product

J3 Out

Parameters
Pressure Assignment

Equalize All

What is the pressure of GasWell 4? __________

How was this calculated? __________

15

16

Gas Gathering

7.

Add another Pipe Segment to the simulation with the following

values:

In this cell...

Enter...

Connections
Name

Branch 7

Feed

J3 Out

Product

B7 Out

Energy

B7-Q

Dimensions
Segment 1
Length

340 m (1115 ft)

Elevation

-13 m (-45 ft)

Nominal Diameter

152.4 mm (6 in)

Heat Transfer
Estimate Inner, Outer and
Conduction HTC

Save your case!

Optional:

Convert your case to a template

and save!

16

Gas Gathering

19

Exploring with the Simulation

Exercise 1
The flow of gas being produced by GasWell 2 increases to about 1000
kgmole/h (2200 lbmole/hr). Can the existing pipeline handle this
increased flow. If not, what size pipe will be needed in Branch 2. Do any
other parts of the pipeline need to be changed?

Challenge
You instruct your summer student, Peter Reynolds to go out to the field
and measure the temperature and pressure of the gas that is being
delivered to the Gas Plant. He reports that the temperature is 38 C
(100 oF) and the pressure is 7457 kPa (1080 psia). Using your HYSYS
simulator, what do you find the pressure of each of the Gas Wells to be?
Hint: you will have to make some changes to the simulation into order
for it to solve completely.

19