9.2.1 To Determine the first derivative of the function y = axn using formula.

Example Exercise
1 y= x3 a y= x 4
b y= x5 c y= x7
dy dy
= 3 x 3–1 =
dx dx
= 3 x2

[4x3] [5x4] [ 7x6]

3 4 3 2
2 y = 2x a y = 3x b y = 5x c y = 10x
dy dy
= 3  2x2 = 4
dx dx
= 6 x2

[12x3] [15x2] [20x]

3 4 5 2
3 y= –2x a y= –5x b y= –8x c y = – 12 x
dy dy
= 3  ( – 2 ) x2 =
dx dx
= – 6x2

[ -20x3]
[-40x4 ] [-24x]
-2 -1 -5
4 f(x) = x a f(x) = x b f(x) = x c f(x) = x -3

f ' ( x) = -2  x-2-1 f’(x) = f’(x) = f’(x) =

-3
= -2x

[- x12 ] [- x56 ] [- x62 ]

5 f(x) = 3 x-2 a f(x) = 4x -1 b f(x) = 2x -4 c f(x) = 6x -1

f ' ( x) = -2  3x-2-1 f’(x) = f’(x) = f’(x) =

-3
= -6x

[- x42 ] [- x85 ] [- x62 ]

6 1 4 a 3 4 b 1 6 c 1 –3
y= x y= x y= x y=  x
2 2 3 6
dy 1 dy
= 4  x4 – 1 =
dx 2 dx
= 2 x3

[2x5 ]
[ 6x3] [ 21x 4 ]
7 2 3 a 2 b 5 c 4
y=  x y=  x –6
f(x) = f(x) =
3 3 2x 3x 6
dy 2 dy
= 3  x3 – 1 = f’(x) = f’(x) =
dx 3 dx
= 2 x2

[ x47 ] [- 2x5 2 ] [- x87 ]

Differentiation 1
9.2.3 Determine first derivative of a function involving : (a) addition, or (b) subtraction of algebraic terms.

Example Exercise
2 2
1. y = x + 3x +4 a. y = x +4x +3 b. y = x2 + 5x +6

dy
= 2x + 3
dx [2x+4] [2x+5]

2. y = x2 - 3x +4 a. y = x2 -4x +3 b. y = x2 - 5x +6

dy
= 2x - 3
dx [2x-4] [2x-5]

3. y = x3 + 4x2 + 5 a. y = x3 +5x2 +7 b. y = x3 + 6x2 + 8

dy
= 3x 2 + 8 x
dx
[3x2 +10x] [3x2 + 12x]
3 2 3 2 3 2
4. y = x - 3x -6 a. y = x -5x -7 b. y = x - 6x – 8

dy
= 3x 2 - 6 x
dx
[3x2-10x] [3x2 -12x]
2
5. y = x(x + 5) a. y = x(x - 6) b. y = x (x + 5)
y = x2 + 5x

dy
= 2x + 5
dx [2x-6] [ 3x2 + 10x]

6. y = (x+1)(x + 5) a. y = (x+1)(x – 6) b. y = (x2 +1)(x - 4)

y = x2 + 6x + 5

dy
= 2x + 6
dx [2x-5] [3x2 -8x+1]

7. y = (x+3)2 a. y = (x+4)2 b. y = (3x+1)2

y = x2 + 6x + 9

dy
= 2x + 6
dx [2(x+4)] [6(3x+1)]

8. y = x(x+3)2 a. y = x(x+4)2 b. y = x(3x+1)2

y = x(x2 + 6x + 9)
y = x3 + 6x2 + 9x

dy
= 3x 2 + 12 x + 9
dx
[3x2 + 16x+16] [27x2 +12x+1]

Differentiation 2
 Example Exercise
9. 3 a. 5 b. 4
y = x2 + y = x2 + y = x3 -
x x x
y = x2 + 3x-1

dy
= 2 x - 3x - 2
dx
dy 3
= 2x - 2
dx x
[2x - x52 ] [3x 2 + x42 ]
10. 3 4 a 5 6 b. 4 5
y = x2 + + y = x2 + + y = x3 - -
x x2 x x2 x x2

y = x2 + 3x-1 + 4x-2

dy
= 2 x - 3x - 2 - 8 x - 3
dx
dy 3 8
= 2- 2 - 3
dx x x
[2x - x52 - 12
x3
] [3x 2 + x42 + 10
x3
]
11. x 3 + 4x + 5 a. x 3 + 5x - 6 b. x 3 - 2x - 7
y= y= y=
x x x

y = x2 + 4 + 5x -1

dy
= 2 x - 5 x -2
dx

dy 5
= 2x - 2
dx x
[2x + x62 ] [2x + x72 ]
12. x 3 + 4x + 5 a. x 3 + 5x - 6 b. x 3 - 2x - 7
y= y= y=
x2 x2 x2

y = x + 4x-1 + 5x-2

dy
= 1 - 4 x - 2 - 10 x -3
dx

dy 4 10
= 1- 2 - 3
dx x x
[1- x52 + 12
x3
] [1+ x22 + 14
x3
]

Differentiation 3
9.2.4 To determine the first derivative of a product of 2 polynomial.
Example Exercise
1 y= x ( x3+1) a y= x ( x4+2) y= ( x 5+1)x c y= ( x3-1)x
3
u=x , v =x +1
du dv
 1,  3x 2
dx dx
dy d
 (uv)
dx dx
dv du
=u v
dx dx
=
x(3x2)+(x3+1)(1)
=
3 x3+x3+1
= 4x3 +1

[ 5x4+2] [ 6x5+1] [4x3 -1]

2 y= 2x2 ( x3+1) a y= 3x2 ( x3-1) b y= ( x3-1)(5x2) c y= ( x3-1)(-4x2)
u=2x2 , v =x3+1
du dv
 4x  3x 2
dx dx
dy d
 (uv)
dx dx
dv du
=u v
dx dx
=

2x (3x2)+(x3+1)(4x)
2

=
6 x4+4x4 +4x
= 10x4 +4x

[ 15x4-6x] [ 25x4-10x] [ -20x4+8x]

3 f(x)= (x+1) ( x3+1) a f(x)= (x-1) ( 1+x3) b f(x)= (1-x) ( x3+2) c f(x)= (2-x) ( x3+3)
u=x+1 , v =x3+1
du dv
1  3x 2
dx dx
d
f ' ( x)  (uv)
dx
dv du
=u v
dx dx
=

(x+1)(3x2)+(x3+1)(1)
=
3x3+3x2 +x3+1

= 4x3+3x2+1

[4 x3-3x2+1] [ -4x3+3x2-2 ] [ -4x3+6x2-3]

Differentiation 4
4 x a x b x c x
y= (x+1) ( +1) y= (x-1) ( +1) y= (2x+1) ( +1) y= (3-2x) ( 2- )
2 3 2 2
x
u=x+1 , v = +1
2
du dv 1
1 
dx dx 2
dy d
 (uv)
dx dx
dv du
=u v
dx dx
= 1
(x+1)( )+
2
x
(  1 )(1)
2
1 1 1
= x   x 1
2 2 2
1
= x 1
2

2 2 1 1
[ x ] [2x+ 2 ] [2x-5 ]
3 3 2 2
5 x a x b x c x
y= (x2+1) ( +1) y= (x4+1) ( +1) y= (2+x2) ( -1) y= (3-x3) ( +1)
2 3 4 3
x
u=x2+1 , v = +1
2
du dv 1
 2x 
dx dx 2
dy d
 (uv)
dx dx
dv du
=u v
dx dx
= 1
(x2+1)( )+
2
x
(  1 )(2x)
2

1 2 1
= x +  x 2  2x
2 2
3 2 1
= x  2x 
2 2

5 1 3 2 1 4 3
[ x 4  4x 3  ] [ x  2x  ] [- x  3x 2  1 ]
3 3 4 2 3

Differentiation 5
9.2.5 To determine the first derivative of a quotient of two polynomials using formula

x 5x
Example : y  1. y 
x 1 2x  3

ux v  x 1
dy dv
1 1
dx dx

du dv
v u
dy
 dx 2 dx
dx v

x  11  x1
x  12
x 1 x

x  12
1

x  12
15
(2x +3) 2

3x 6x
2. y = 3. y =
4x  5 2x  7

15 42
(4x +5) 2
- (2x-7) 2

Differentiation 6
 5x  4 1  4x
4. y = 5. y =
3x  2 1 x

22
- (3x-2) 2
- (1+x5 )2

1 x x2
6. y 7. y =
1  2x x 3

1 x
(1-2x )2 x-3

Differentiation 7
 3x 2 4x3
8. y = 9. y =
1  5x x 2  10

6x-15x 2 4x 4 +120x 2
(1-5x)2 (x 2 +10) 2

5x 2 - 3x x2  1
10. y = 11. y =
8 + x3 5x 3  4

-5x 4 +6x 3 +80x-24 -5x 4 +15x 2 -8x

(8+x 3 )2 (5x 3 -4)2

Differentiation 8
9.2.6 Determine the first derivative of composite function using chain rule.

Example Exercise
1 y  ( x  2) 2 a y  ( x  3) 4 b y  ( x  2) 5 c y  ( x  8) 3
dy
 2( x  2) 1  1
dx
 2( x  2)

[4(x+3)3] [5(x+2)4] [3(x+8)2]

2 y  (3 x  2) 2 a y  (2 x  3) 4 b y  (4 x  2) 5 c y  (5 x  8) 3
dy
 2  (3 x  2)1  3
dx
 6(3 x  2)
[8(2x+3)3] [20(4x+2)4] [15(5x+8)2]
3 y  2( x  2) 2 a y  5( x  2) 4 b y  3(4 x  2) 5 c y  2(2 x  8) 3
dy
 2  2( x  2) 1  1
dx
 4( x  2)
[20(x+2)3] [60(4x+2)4] [12(2x+8)3]
4 2 a 5 b 3 c 2
y y y y
( x  2) 2 ( x  2) 4 ( x  2) 5 ( x  8) 3
y  2( x  2) 2
dy
 2  2( x  2) 3
dx
  4( x  2)  3
4

( x  2) 3
[- (x 20
+2)5
] [- (x15
+2)6
] 6
[- (x +8) 4 ]

5 a 3 b 4 c 5
2 y y y
y 4( x  5) 3 5(2 x  3) 6 2(3 x  4) 4
5( x  2) 2
2( x  2)  2
y
5
dy 2( x  2) 3
 2  1
dx 5
 4( x  2) 3

5
4

5( x  2) 3
[- 4(x9+5)4 ] 24
[- 5(2x-3) 7 ]
10
[ (3x-4) 5]

Differentiation 9