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Essential Equations for Water Engineers

This document provides information on tools and concepts for water engineering as well as typical costs for construction materials and projects. It lists the six most useful equations in practical hydraulics, including equations for continuity, Bernoulli, Manning's, weir flow, critical depth, and pressure. It also gives rules of thumb for typical flow velocities in UK rivers, pressurized pipe systems, and gravity drainage systems. Additionally, it provides typical slopes for lowland UK rivers and gravity drains. Finally, the document estimates approximate costs per square meter for residential, office, and factory buildings as well as costs per tonne or cubic meter for various structural and facade materials.

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kmmansaf
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105 views1 page

Essential Equations for Water Engineers

This document provides information on tools and concepts for water engineering as well as typical costs for construction materials and projects. It lists the six most useful equations in practical hydraulics, including equations for continuity, Bernoulli, Manning's, weir flow, critical depth, and pressure. It also gives rules of thumb for typical flow velocities in UK rivers, pressurized pipe systems, and gravity drainage systems. Additionally, it provides typical slopes for lowland UK rivers and gravity drains. Finally, the document estimates approximate costs per square meter for residential, office, and factory buildings as well as costs per tonne or cubic meter for various structural and facade materials.

Uploaded by

kmmansaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THE ENGINEERS TOOLBOX

Water
engineering
- Continuity
Six most useful
equations in
practical hydraulics
according to Ed

Watery rules of
thumb

Q = vA

- Archimedes

Immersed body experiences an up


thrust equal to the water displaced

- Bernoulli

E = v2/2g + y + (p/g)

- Mannings

v = 1/n (Rh) s

- weir flow

q = CdH1.5

- critical depth

yc = (q2/g)

Flow velocities in UK rivers

are typically between 0.5 and 3 m/s

Nine out of 10 errors in flood


estimation

are a result of not measuring the


catchment area correctly

Flows in pressurised pipe


systems

normally have velocities


between 0.5 and 1.5 m/s

Pressures in normal distribution


systems

are typically between 1 and 6 bar


(10-60 m).

Gravity drainage systems

typically have velocities


between 0.7 and 1.5 m/s

Typical slopes in gravity drains

are 1:100 1:300

Typical slopes on lowland UK


rivers

are between 1:1000 and 1:300.

Pressure
Power generation

1t / m2 / m height
Qgh (watts)

Costs
Approx costs

Residential buildings

1500/m2 50 storey
1000/m2 3 storey

Offices

1800/m2 50 storey
1100/m2 3 storey

Factories

400/m2 single storey

Structural steel

1000 per tonne (simple frames)

Reinforced concrete

150/m3 (simple)
250/m3 (complex)

Timber

1000/m3

Structural earth fill

15 to 20/m3
12/m3 to dig and re-use clean fill
from site
40/m3 to dig and dump clean fill
from site
50 to 100/m3 to remove
contaminated material from site

Facades

150/m2 (brick) to 1000/m2 curtain


wall triple glazed

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