Direct Steam Generation (DSG)

Technology Overview
SFERA Summer School 2012
June 28, 2012, Almer, Spain
(Jan) Fabian Feldhoff

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 2 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

STE Status
- Many market players
- Need for significant cost reduction
- More automated production and construction
- Optimized collector designs
- New heat transfer fluids
- Direct Steam Generation (DSG)
- Molten Salt
-

Today: DSG
Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 3 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Overview
-

Introduction
DSG History
DSG Characteristics and two-phase flow
Plant concepts
Research Overview
- Once-through
- Steam Parameters
- Operation/Control
- Storage concepts
- Final Remarks and Outlook
Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 4 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Parabolic Trough Plants with Oil

Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 5 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Parabolic Trough Plants with Molten Salt

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 6 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Parabolic Trough Plants with DSG

Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 7 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG Advantages and Drawbacks

Oil

DSG

+ Commercially applied
+ One-phase flow
+ Easily scalable

+ No heat exchangers
+ High temperatures
+ High efficiency
+ Non-toxic fluid
+ Simple overall configuration
- Two-phase flow
- Higher control effort
- Thermal storage expensive (so far)
- Higher temperature gradients

- Heat exchanger batteries

- T < 400C
- Efficiency/process limit reached
- Hazardous to environment

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 8 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

The very beginnings DSG was first!
John Ericsson
- New York, USA, 1870 and 1883
- 3.25-m2-aperture collector
- Driving a small 373-W engine.
Frank Shuman
- Meadi, Egypt, 1912-1913
- 5 collectors 62x4m
- driving a steam engine (~40 kW)
used to pump water for irrigation
Shuman Collector
Fernndez-Garca, A., Zarza, E., Valenzuela, L., et al., 2010,
"Parabolic-trough solar collectors and their applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, pp. 1695 - 1721.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 9 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

Revival in the 80s
Solar One, Barstow, USA
- 10 MWe, 425 C
- Once-through boiler
- 4 hours storage (sensible)
- In operation 1982-1988

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 10 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

Experiments with DSG in horizontal tubes

Benson test facility at Siemens

Goebel et al: Direkte Dampferzeugung in Parabolrinnensolarkraftwerken.
Forschungsverbund Sonnenenergie Themen 96/97, page 110 ff

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 11 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

DISS project: 500 m/100 bar/400 C

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 12 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

Planning of demonstration plant
INDITEP
- Application of design
tools
- 5 MWe, 410C / 78 bar
- Recirculation with
decentral separators
- Another 200m for DISS
Zarza, E., Rojas, M. E., Gonzlez, L., et al., 2006, "INDITEP:
The first pre-commercial DSG solar power plant," Solar Energy, 80 (10), pp. 1270-1276.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 13 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

Commercial tower implementations

PS10: 40 bar saturated steam, 11 MWe

PS20: 45 bar saturated steam, 20 MWe
http://www.abengoasolar.com/corp/web/en/nuestras_plantas/plantas_en_operacion/espana/PS10_la_primera_torre_comercial_del_mundo.html

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 14 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

DSG Component tests at 500 C
2010/2011
Real-DISS test facility
112 bar / 500 C

PCM
storage
system

Concrete storage system

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 15 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

Linear Fresnel plants

PE-1: 1 MW, 55 bar, saturated steam

PE-2: 30 MW, 55 bar, saturated steam
Both plants with Linear Fresnel technology by Novatec Solar

Source: DLR

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 16 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

Linear Fresnel plants
Kimberlina 5 MWe
106 bar, 400 C
(higher values announced)
Technology by Areva Solar

Source: Areva Solar

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 17 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Milestones in DSG development

The first parabolic trough plant with superheating

TSE-1, Thailand
5 MWe
34 bar, 340 C
Technology by Solarlite
Source: Solarlite

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 18 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG Status Its commercial!

Topics for industry:
- Higher steam parameters (up to 110 bar /500 C)
- Parameter Optimization Pressure and temperature vs. Piping cost
- Improvements in plant configurations and costs
Topics for R&D:
- Solar Field Optimization Optimized recirculation, once-through
- Operation Optimization Start-up, Control
- Thermal Energy Storage Costs, Performance
- Plant integration options Hybrid, TES

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 19 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Loop Characteristics > What its all about

Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 20 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Loop Characteristics > Temperature/pressure

- Temperature and pressure along loop (1500m, 500C/112 bar outlet)

Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 21 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

600

120%

500

100%

400

80%

300

60%

200

40%
Temperature
Steam Quality

100

Steam Quality

Temperature in C

Loop Characteristics > Temperature/Steam Quality

20%

0%
0

10

Loop length in No of collectors

Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 22 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Flow Patterns in horizontal tubes

Bubble Flow
Plug Flow
Stratified Flow

To be avoided

Wavy Flow
Slug Flow
Annular Flow

Desired

Drop/Spray Flow
Based on VDI Heat Atlas, 10. Aufl. 2006, Hbb

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 23 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Loop Characteristics > Temperatureprofile

- Four regions
I. Wetted heated
II. Wetted not heated
III. Dry not heated
IV. Dry heated
- Asymmetric temperature profile
around cross section

Heated Region

III

IV

II I

Wetted Region

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 24 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Two-phase flow in horizontal pipes

Internal-heat transfer
345

Fall 1
Fall 2

340

case 2

335

Temperature [C]

case 1

330

325

320

315

310

45

90

135

180

225

270

Circumference Angle []

315

360

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 25 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Loop Characteristics > Do you understand?

- Question of the day
- Which is the most
desirable flow pattern
in DSG loops with
high steam quality?
- Answer:
Annular Flow
due to its complete
wetted inner surface.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 26 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Two-phase flow in horizontal pipes

Flow pattern map
10

10

Ringstrmung
Annular

10

Blasenstrmung
Bubble

10

evaporation

10

10

10

Wellenstrmung
Wavy

-1

10

T, Fr*

Verdampfungsweg
Desired path of

-2

Schwallstrmung
Plug
Schichtstrmung
Stratified
0

10
-3
10

10

-2

10

-1

10

10

10

10

10
4
10

-3

Martinelli-Parameter X
Taitel, Y., and Dukler, A. E., 1976, "A model for predicting flow regime transitions in
Horizontal and near horizontal gas-liquid flow," AIChE Journal, 22 (1), pp. 47-55.:

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 27 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Two-phase flow in horizontal pipes

Pressure loss
dp/dl
[mbar]
Pressure Loss
over
length (mbar/m)

berhitzer
Super7

heating

Evaporation
Verdampfer

Preheating
Vorwrmer
5
4
3
2
1
0
1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

Enthalpie [kJ/kg]

2400

2600

2800

3000

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 28 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Plant Concepts > How you could run DSG plants

Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 29 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Once-Through
(classic)

Injection

Once-Through

Recirculation

Recirculation

Plant Concepts > Classical approaches

Eck, M., and Zarza, E., 2002, "Assessment of Operation Modes for Direct Solar Steam Generation
in Parabolic Troughs, 11th SolarPACES, Zurich, Switzerland

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 30 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Plant Concepts > State-of-the-Art Concepts

Recirculation

Once-Through

DLR, Feldhoff

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 31 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Plant Concepts > State-of-the-Art Comparison

Recirculation

Once-Through

+ Very robust operation

+ Commercially applied

+ Easily scalable
+ Fast start-up
+ Low investment

- Relatively high investment

- Relatively high design effort

- Not that robust

- End of evaporation not fixed

Based on: Eck, M., and Zarza, E., 2002, "Assessment of Operation Modes for Direct Solar Steam Generation in Parabolic Troughs,
11th SolarPACES Intern. Symposium on Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 32 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Plant Concepts > Recirculation with central field

separators

DLR, Feldhoff/Hirsch

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 33 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Plant Concepts > Recirculation with decentral

separators

Zarza, E., Rojas, M. E., Gonzlez, L., et al., 2006, "INDITEP:

The first pre-commercial DSG solar power plant," Solar Energy, 80 (10), pp. 1270-1276.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 34 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Plant Concepts > Once-Through

- With 1 or 2 injections
- Only one type of loop

DLR, Feldhoff

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 35 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Once-through > The better DSG concept?

Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 36 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Once-through > The DUKE Project

- DUKE: Durchlaufkonzept Entwicklung und Erprobung
(Once-Through Concept Development and Demonstration)
- Goals
- Analysis and demonstration of Once-through concept under real
irradiation conditions
- Partner
- DLR & Solarlite GmbH
- Together with CIEMAT
- Period:
- May 1, 2011 to April 30, 2014

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 37 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Once-through > Demonstration at DISS Facility

BOP und
Control room

Installation and
storage space

New Solarlite 4600+

collectors (3x 100m)
North

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 38 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Once-through > Main Changes DISS Solar Field

New injection
instrumentation

Temperature along end of

evaporation and around
cross sections

New balljoints

New receivers

New SH
injection

Relocation of
inlet valves

New BOP
injection

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 39 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Once-through > Main Demonstration Experiments

- Component qualification

- Design and validation of dynamic models

- Test and validation of control concepts

System evaluation of once-through concept

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 40 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Parameter Optimization > One step ahead

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 41 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Parameter Optimization > Why that?

- Power Block:
Carnot efficiency
increases with
temperature
- Solar field:
efficiency decreases with
temperature
Find the optimum
Look at real-life
thermodynamics and
costs together!

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 42 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Parameter Optimization > Power Block

8'124
120 bar
0.40

100 bar

0.38
HTF Reference
0.36

60 bar

0.34

40 bar

Heat Rate [BTU/kWhel]

Gross Power Block Efficiency [-]

0.42

0.32
0.30
350

375

400

425

450

475

500

11'373
525

Main Steam Temperature [C]

Feldhoff, J. F., Benitez, D., Eck, M., et al., 2010, "Economic Potential of Solar Thermal Power Plants
With Direct Steam Generation Compared With HTF Plants," Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 132 (4), pp. 041001-9.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 43 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Mean Solar Field Efficiency [%]

Parameter Optimization > Solar Field (Rec.)

61.5
61.0
40 bar

60.5

60 bar

60.0

100 bar

59.5
59.0
58.5
58.0
57.5
350

375

400

425

450

475

500

525

Live Steam Temperature [C]

Feldhoff, J. F., Benitez, D., Eck, M., et al., 2010, "Economic Potential of Solar Thermal Power Plants
With Direct Steam Generation Compared With HTF Plants," Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 132 (4), pp. 041001-9.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 44 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Parameter Optimization > Heat Balance Tool

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 45 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Parameter Optimization > Overall efficiencies

- Comparison of annual net
efficiencies
- Thermodynamics: pressure
increase more efficient
than temperature increase
- Costs: piping for higher
pressure more expensive

Feldhoff, J. F., Benitez, D., Eck, M., et al., 2010, "Economic Potential of Solar Thermal Power Plants
With Direct Steam Generation Compared With HTF Plants," Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 132 (4), pp. 041001-9.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 46 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

System Analysis > Comparison with oil trough

Annual Yield Results for 100 MWe, Daggett (USA), 9h of thermal energy
storage (TES):
- DSG solar field size -5.3 %
- DSG net electricity output +2.5 to +2.9 %
- Net plant efficiency +8.3 %

Feldhoff, J. F., Schmitz, K., Eck, M., et al., 2012, "Comparative system analysis of direct steam generation and synthetic oil
parabolic trough power plants with integrated thermal storage," Solar Energy, 86 (1), pp. 520-530.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 47 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

System Analysis > Cost Comparison to Oil Trough

- 100 MWe, 9h TES, Daggett/USA
- Large solar fields sizes (450 MWth and more) are close too current
design pressure limits
Choose DSG for sizes up to about 50 MWe and long term storage
- TES not yet commercially available
Concepts under development
Short term projects should focus on short term storage or hybridisation
Oil trough without TES at least 5-10% more expensive than DSG

Feldhoff, J. F., Schmitz, K., Eck, M., et al., 2012, "Comparative system analysis of direct steam
generation and synthetic oil parabolic trough power plants with integrated thermal storage," Solar Energy, 86 (1), pp. 520-530.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 49 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Control > The secret to better performance

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 50 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Control > Solar Field

- One loop simulated
- Cascaded superheating
temperature controller
Higher temperature
gradients than in normal
multiple loop plant

Birnbaum, J., Feldhoff, J. F., Fichtner, M., et al., 2011, "Steam temperature stability in a
direct steam generation solar power plant," Solar Energy, 85 (4), pp. 660-668.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 51 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Control > Adaptive Controllers

- Adaptive PI controllers with DNIdependent feedforward are
reliable for recirculation and
injection mode [1, 2]

time constant of adaptive PI controler

nominal state

350
300

250
200
150

gain of adaptive PI controler

nominal state

50
0.2

-3

x 10
0

X: 1.04
Y: 650
Z: 105.3

100

0.6

0.8

400
1.2

mdot
K

X: 1.04
Y: 650
Z: -0.001343

-1.5

1000
800
600

0.4

-0.5

-1

X: 1.367
Y: 850
Z: 80.13

1.4

1.6

200

dni

Parameter range for adaptive PI controller

X: 1.367
Y: 850
Z: -0.001765

1000

-2
800
-2.5
0.2

600
0.4

0.6

0.8

400
1.2

mdot

1.4

1.6

200

qdni

[1]: Valenzuela, L., Zarza, E., Berenguel, M., et al., 2005, "Control concepts for direct steam generation in parabolic troughs," Solar Energy, 78 (2), pp. 301-311.
[2]: Eck, M., 2001, Die Dynamik der solaren Direktverdampfung und berhitzung in Parabolrinnenkollektoren, VDI Verlag Dsseldorf.
Graphics: DLR, Feldhoff/Trebing

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 52 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Control > Experience from real recirculation plants

- Outlet temperature can be kept very stable even with easy controllers
- Multiple loops and header piping smooth the temperature significantly
no problems in recirculation plants
very robust operation in recirculation plants

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 53 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG TES > Upgrading STE Plants

- TES = Thermal Energy Storage

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 54 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG TES > Sytem Overview

Birnbaum, J., Eck, M., Fichtner, M., et al., 2008, "A Direct Steam Generation Solar Power Plant
with Integrated Thermal Storage," 14th Bienial SolarPACES Symposium, Las Vegas, USA.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 55 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG TES > Storage development

Phase change material storage
Phase change material
Demonstrated at DLR:
- NaNO3 - KNO3 - NaNO2
142 C
- LiNO3 - NaNO3
194 C
- NaNO3 - KNO3
222 C
- NaNO3
306 C
Experimental validation
- 5 test modules with 140 2000 kg PCM
- Worlds largest high temperature latent heat
storage with 14 tons of NaNO3 (700 kWh)
operating since 2010
DLR-TT

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 56 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG TES > Plant Integration

DLR, FF

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 57 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG TES > Plant Integration

Variant 1:
- PH: Concrete
- SG: PCM
- SH: Concrete

Variant 2:
- PH: Salt
- SG: PCM
- SH: Salt

Variant 3:
- PH: PCM
- SG: PCM
- SH: Salt
Project DETOP

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 58 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG TES > Power Block Operation

Birnbaum, J., Eck, M., Fichtner, M., et al., 2008, "A Direct Steam Generation Solar Power Plant
with Integrated Thermal Storage," 14th Bienial SolarPACES Symposium, Las Vegas, USA.

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 59 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Outlook and Market > Somebody must build it

Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 60 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG Companies
- Solarlite, Germany
- Recirculation, trough, superheated steam
- Novatec Solar, Germany
- Recirculation, Fresnel, saturated steam, probably superheated in future
- Areva Solar, France/Australia
- Once-through, Fresnel with multiple tubes/counter flow receiver,
exact parameters are unknown
- Solar Power Group, Germany
- Recirculation, Fresnel, no commercial plant realized so far
- Abengoa Solar, Spain
- Recirculation, trough, superheated steam, only tests at Solucar
Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 60 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Final Remarks on DSG

- DSG has reached commercial status!
- For short to mid-term:
- STE plants without or with small storage
- Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) or fuel
saver plants (Dont use oil for that!)
- For long term DSG perspective:
- Development of economic PCM storage system
- Solar field optimization
- Overall parameter optimization including TES
- There is still a need for research
- There is still a need for a reliable and detailed
comparison of alternative STE configurations

Solarlite: TSE-1

Solarlite: TSE-1

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 62 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

Questions and Discussion

- Contact: [email protected]

By Ron Tandberg

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 63 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG History > Add-on

- An uncomplete list of projects and contents

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 64 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG activities 1/4

Duration

Partner

Target

GUDE

1993-96

DLR, Siemens,
TUM, ZSW

Thermo-hydraulic effects in
horizontal receiver tubes

PRODISS/
ARDISS

1996-99

DLR

Modelling, simulation and control of

a collector loop

CIEMAT, DLR,
Flagsol, Iberdrola,
ZSW,
Siemens/KWU

Planing and erection of DISS plant

Prove of concept
Evaluation of different operation
concepts
Validation and improvement of
modeling capabilities

DISS I/II

1996-2002

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 65 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG activities 2/4

Duration

Partner

Target

INDITEP

2002-05

CIEMAT, DLR,
Flagsol, Iberdrola,
Siemens, ZSW

Detailed engineering of a demo loop

Component development (separator,
ball-joints, receiver)
Socio-economic analysis

SOLDI

2004-06

DLR, (Siemens)

Evaluation of separation concepts

Process heat generation
Dynamic model library

DISSTOR

2004-07

DLR, Zblin, SGL

Carbon, CIEMAT,
Iberdrola, Flagsol,
CNRS, Solucar

Development, erection and operation

of a latent heat storage system

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 66 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG activities 3/4

Duration

Partner

Target

DIVA

2005-07

SCHOTT, DLR,
(Flagsol, KK&K)

Receiver development for 500 C

Detailed system analysis

ITES

2006-09

DLR, Zblin,
Siemens

Planing, erection and operation of a

integrated storage system
Optimized control strategies

FRESDEMO

2006-08

MAN, SPG, (DLR,

FhG-ISE, PSE)

Planing, erection and operation of a

Fresnel collector with DSG
Qualification of the collector

www.DLR.de/SF Slide 67 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012

DSG activities 4/4

Duration

Partner

Target

DETOP

2009-10

Solar Millennium,
Flagsol, DLR,
Schott Solar, Zblin

Preparation of a demo plant

Detailed system analysis

FRESDEMO
2

2009-13

Schott Solar, DLR,

Novatec Solar,
FhG-ISE

Optimization of Linear Fresnel

Technology and operation

DUKE

2011-14

DLR, Solarlite
(CIEMAT)

Extension of DISS plant to 1000 m

Demonstration of once-through
operation