Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ) is an island of Indonesia.
With a population of 143
million, Java is the home of 57 percent of the Indonesian population, and is the most
populous island on Earth. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is located on western Java.
Much of Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist
empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also
the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java
dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally.
Formed mostly as the result of volcanic eruptions, Java is the 13th largest island in the world
and the fifth largest in Indonesia. A chain of volcanic mountains forms an eastwest spine
along the island. Three main languages are spoken on the island, with Javanese being the
dominant; it is the native language of about 60 million people in Indonesia, most of whom
live on Java. Most residents are bilingual, with Indonesian as their first or second language.
While the majority of the people of Java are Muslim, Java has a diverse mixture of religious
beliefs, ethnicities, and cultures.
Java is divided into four provinces, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Banten, and also
two special regions, Jakarta and Yogyakarta.