Example 15-9 A pure propane is held in a closed container at 100°F. Both gas and liquid are present. Calculate. by using the van der Waals EOS. the densi- ty of the gas and liquid phases. Solution Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4 Determine the vapor pressure py of the propane from the Cox chart. This is the only pressure at which two phases can exist at the specified temperature: P, =185 psi Calculate parameters a and b from Equations 15-52 and 15-53, respectively. R'T? a=Q. (10.73)"(666)" 616.3 a= 0421875: 34,9574, Pe 10.7366) _ ) a494 6163 ‘Compute coefficients A and B by applying Equations 15-56 and 15-57, respectively. b=0.125: a= G495TAVE89) _ 9.179120 (10.73)-(560)" po: RT pa 4494)0185) _ 9 944605 (10.73)(560) Substitute the values of A and B into Equation 15-55 to give: Z -(1+B)Z’ +AZ-AB=0 Z? ~1.044625Z* +0.179122Z —0.007903 =0Step 5. Solve the above third-degree polynomial by extracting the largest and smallest roots of the polynomial by using the appropriate direct or iterative method to giv Z" =0.72365 Z* =0.07534 Step 6. Solve for the density of the gas and liquid phases by using Equa- tion 2-17: (185)(44.0) ; = _= 1 87 it? Pe = (9772365)(10.73)(560) . and »M. be pher (185)(44)___ tp ogipitt’ 1. = (0.7534)(10.73\(560) Example 15-10 Rework Example 15-9 by using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. Solution Step I. Calculate the parameters a, b, A, and B: (10.73)°(666)"* 616.35 a=0.42747: =914,110.1 pb =0.08664 (10-73)(668) _ 1 9046 616.3 ee (914,110. 1)(185) =0.197925 (10.737 (560) p = (1.0046)085) ~~ (10.73)(560) ae Step 2. Substitute parameters A and B into Equation 15-63, and extract the largest and the smallest root, to give: Z —Z? +0, 1660384Z — 0.0061218 =0 Largest Root Z* = 0.802641 Smallest Root Z' =0.0527377Step 3. Solve for the density of the liquid phase and gas phase: M. Po ger = _(085)(4) __ os ayn (0.0527377)(10.73)(560) = (185)(44) (0.80264 1)(10.73)(560) = 1.688 lb/ft? Example 15-11 Calculate the density of a crude oil with the following composition at 4000 psia and 160°F. Use the Redlich-Kwong EOS, ‘Component x M Be t CG as 16.043 666.4 343.33 G 0.05 30.070 705.5 549.92 G 0.05 44.097 616.0 666.06 a-Cy 0.03 58.123 527.9 765.62 n-Cs 01 72.150 488.6 8458 Ce 001 81.00 453 923 G, 0.40 215 285 1287 Solution Step 1. Determine the parameters a, and b, for each component by using Equations 15-60 and 15-61 a by 161.0443 0.4780514 4935827 0,7225732 9143148 1.004725 1,440,020 1.202620 2,095,431 1.909282 2,845,191 1.945712 1.020348E7 4.191958 Step 2. Calculate the mixture parameters ay and bm from Equations 15-66 and 15-67 to give:¥ [x,b,]=2.0526 Step 3. Compute the coefficients A and B by using Equations 15-64 and 15-65 to produce: agp __ 2,591,967(4000) _ 9 4a¢539 RT 10.73°(620)" a aD. BONA) “RT 10.73(620) — 234040 Step 4. Solve Equation 15-63 for the largest positive root to yield: ZL? +6.93845Z-11.60813=0 Zi = 1.548126 Step 5. Calculate the apparent molecular weight of the crude oil: M, =2x.M, M, = 100.2547 Step 6. Solve for the density of the crude oil: 1 PM eta pt = (4000)(100.2547)__ 3 93 in? (10.73)(620)(1.548120) Example 15-12 Calculate the density of a gas phase with the following composition at 4000 psia and 160°F. Use the Redlich-Kwong EOS.eee) __am _U_npa__, 16,043 30.070 44.097 58.123 72.150 84.00 215 666.4 706.5 616.0 527.9 488.6 453 285 t 343.33 549.92 666.06 765.62 5.8 923 1287 0.005 2 q 0.86 G 0.05 G 0.05 Gq 0.2 G 001 G 0.005 Ge Solution. Step I. Calculate ap and by by using Equations 15-66 and 15-67 to give: am = 241,118 b,, =2b.x, Dm = 0.5701225 Step 2. Calculate the coefficients A and B by applying Equations 15-64 and 15-65 to yield: Step 3. Solve Equation 15-63 for ZY to give: ZL -Z +0.414688Z - 0.29995 =0 _ bap _0:5701225(4000) _ 9 5496 241,118(4000) 10.73°(620)"> RT 10.73(620) ZY =0.907 Step 4. Calculate the apparent density of the gas mixture: M, = Zy,M; =2089 e pM, ZRT (4000)(20.89) (10.73(620(0.907) = 0.8750 =13.85 Ib/ft*Example 15-13 Rework Example 15-9 and solve for the density of the two phases by using the SRK EOS. Solution. Step I. Determine the critical pressure, critical temperature, and acentric factor from Table 1-2 of Chapier | to give: Step 2. Calculate the reduced temperature. T, = 560/666.01 =0.8408 Step 3. Calculate the parameter m by applying Equation 15-70 to yield: m=0.480+1.5740—0.1760" m = 0.480+1.574(0.1524) - 0.176(1.524) = 0.7051 Step 4. Solve for the parameter a by using Equation 15-69 to give: 2 a=[m-+(I-/T,)] =1.120518 Step 5. Compute the coefficients a and b by applying Equations 15-71 and 15-72 to yield: 10.73°(666.01)" 6163 10.73(666.01) 6163 a=0.42747. =35,427.6 b =0,08664 1.0047], ‘Step 6, Calculate the coefficients A and B from Equations 15-79 and 15-80, to produce:‘4 = 35.427.6)(1.120518)185 _ 9 993365 10.73°(560)° pele. RT (1.00471)(185) _ “Ta Taysauy = 0.034658 Step 7. Solve Equation 15-78 for Z* and Z*: Z -7? +(A-B-B’)Z+AB=0 Z} —Z? + (0.203365 — 0.034658 — 0.034658" )Z + (0.203365)(0.034658) = 0 Solving the above third-degree polynomial gives: Z =0.06729 ZY =0.80212 Step 8. Calculate the gas and liquid density to give: a Re (8544.0) , °° = a2 121(10.73(S60) ~ 887 Hitt (1851440) __ 9913 hate’ (0.06729)(10.73)(560)Example 15-14 A two-phase hydrocarbon system exists in equilibrium at 4000 psia and 160°F. The system has the following composition: Component 4 n q as 0.86 Cc 0.05 00s G 0.05 0.05 G 0.03 0.2 c 0.01 0.01 G 0.01 0.005 Cn 0.40 0.005 The heptanes-plus fraction has the following properties: M=215 pe= 285 psia T.= 700°F @=052 Assuming ky = 0, calculate the density of each phase by using the SRK FOS. Solution Step I. Calculate the parameters 0, a, and b by applying Equations 15-64, 15-71, and 15-72. Component * a b G 0.6869 8689.3 0.4780 a 0.0248 21,0408 07725 G 1.0502 35,4221 1.0046 G 1.1616 523903 1.2925 G 1.2630 7.0417 1.6091 G 13547 94,1084 1.9455 Cre 1.7859 232,367.9 3.7838 Step 2. Calculate the mixture parameters (a01)q, and bm for the gas phase and liquid phase by applying Equations 15-81 and 15-82 to give:Step 3. Step 4. + For the gas phase using (ca), = © [yy /aia;a10; (1-K;)]=92193 75 b, =D lyib,]=0.5680 + For the liquid phase usi ie (20) = SE [asa b, —kj)]=104,362.9 Ddfkib;]=0.1.8893 Calculate the coefficients A and B for each phase by applying Equations 15-83 and 15-84 to yield: + For the gas phase: (ac), _ (9219.3)(4000) oP = 0.8332 RT (10.73) (6207 Dap _ (0.5680)(4000) _ 5 445 “RT (10.73)(620) + For the liquid phase: (act),,p _ (104,362.9)(4000) _ St cont = 9.4324 & RT? (10.73) (620) _ bap _ (1:8893)(4000) = Rr Go7a\@ao) 116 Solve Equation 15-78 for the compressibility factor of the gas phase to produce: ?4+(A-B-B*)Z+AB=0 —Z? + (0.8332 -0.3415 - 0.3415" )Z + (0.8332)(0.3415) = Solving the above polynomial for the largest root gives: = 0.9267Step 5. Step 6. Step 7. Solve Equation 15-78 for the compressibility factor of the liquid phase to produce: 2-7? +(A-B-B*)Z+AB=0 D -Z? +(9.4324—1.136—1. 136° )Z+ (9.4324)(1.136) =0 Solving the above polynomial for the smallest root gives: Z=14121 Calculate the apparent molecular weight of the gas phase and liq- uid phase from their composition, to yield: + For the gas phase: M, => yiMj = 20.89 + For the liquid phase: M, = ¥ x.M, = 100.25 Calculate the density of each phase: pM, RITZ + For the gas phase: (4000)(20.89) = OS = 13.556 Ibi? (10.73)(620)(0.9267) + For the liquid phase: pt =—_(4000)(100.25) __ a> 6a ibn? ~(10.73(620)1.4121)