Laura Buchanan
ISP 220
Disability Resource Chart
Disability
Definition
(IDEIA)
Etiology
Specific
Learning
Disability
(SLD)
A disorder in one
or more of the
basic
psychological
process involved in
understanding or
in using language,
spoken, or written,
that may manifest
itself in the ability
to listen, think,
speak, read, write,
spell, or do
mathematical
calculations
The etiology is
unknown, but
may be caused
by brain damage,
heredity,
biochemical
imbalance, and
environmental
factors
A developmental
disability
significantly
affecting verbal
and nonverbal
communication
and social
No certain
etiology, but
there are three
theories:
neuropathology,
genetic
Autism
Spectrum
Disorder
(ASD)
Prevalence
1 in 5 People in
the U.S. have a
SLD.
1 million children
(6-21) have a SLD
and receive SPED.
1/3 of all students
who receive SPED
are SLD
Largest Disability
Category
1 in 110 children
will have autism
Males are four
times more likely
to have ASD
Characteristics
Educational
Implications
Intervention
Strategies
Problems with
Listening
Reasoning
Memory
Attention
Selecting and
focusing on
relevant
stimuli
Perception
and Processing
of visual/
auditory
information
Social Skills
Self-esteem,
self-efficacy
-Mistakes reading
aloud
- Not able to
comprehend what
he/she just read
-Messy
handwriting
-Bad spelling
-Confused math
symbols and
numbers
-Learn language
late
-Hold pencil
awkwardly
-Trouble following
through on a task.
-Trouble with
directions
-No babbling by age 1
-No single words by 16
months
-No response to name
-Loss of language/
speech skills
-Poor eye contact
-Importance of
Early Intensive
Behavioral
Interventions
-Applied
Behavioral
Analysis
-Check papers for correct
responses not wrong ones
-Track student progress
-Use many modalities to
present information
-Step-by-step instructions
-Encourage question
asking
-Brain breaks
-Reduce amount of
material given at one time
-Give model assignments
for reference
-Paper with larger lines,
access to computer,
diagrams, audio recorder
-Encouragements
-Give expectations ahead of
time.
-Consider alternative
assessments
-Allow extra time
-Make sure he/she
understands the directions
-Prepare review sheets
-Provide checklists
-Visual schedules
-Picture Exchange
Communication System
-Direct instruction of social
skills
- Environmental
consideration- place away
Visual
Impairments
(VI)
interaction
generally evident
before age 3 that
adversely affects a
childs educational
performance.
inheritance, and
environmental
toxins that
invade the
central nervous
system as causes
for Autism
Impairment in
vision that, even
with correction,
adversely affects a
childs educational
performance. The
term includes both
partial sight and
blindness. Visual
impairment for
any child means:
-20/70 visual
acuity or poorer in
the better eye with
correction
-A physical eye
condition that
affects visual
The causes of VI
can stem from
inheritance or
from an infection
passed on from
mother to child.
Also, VI can
occur from an
accident.
In the U.S. about
100,000 children
are Visually
Impaired
2/3 of children
with VI also have
one or more other
disabilities.
-No smiling or social
responsiveness
-Impaired ability to
make friends
-Impaired conversation
ability
-Stereotyped,
repetitive or unusual
use of language
-Restricted patterns of
interest and intense
focus
-Inflexible adherence
to routines and rituals
-Repetitive motions
-Unusual response to
sensory experiences
-Behavior issues
-Need
independence and
help through
social stories
-Sensory
overloads
-Intense focus on
certain objects
-Show little or no
apparent interest
-Property
destruction
-Self-Harm
-Need
meticulously
planned, skillfully
delivered, and
continuously
monitored
instruction.
from excessive sensory
stimulation
-Everything clearly defined
-Visual cues
-Clear, direct, simple
instructions
-Consistency
-Sensory accommodations
-Functional Curriculum
-Take advantage of their
strengths and interests
-Social Stories
-Delay or deficits in
motor development
-Difficulty in
connecting experiences
-Difficulty
understanding abstract
concepts, analogies,
and idiomatic
expressions
-Impaired social skills
-Repetitive body
movements
-Social isolation
-They are tactile
and kinesthetic
learners
-They are auditory
learners
-Need orientation
and mobility
training
-Lack of visual
cues
-Impacts social
skills
-Consider input
and output
options
-Reserve a front row seat
-Leave room for seeing-eye
dog
-Keep isles clear and
drawers and cabinets
closed
-Face the class when
speaking
-Tape the lectures
-Large print versions of
assignments
-Assistive Technology
- Use Alternative
assignments
-Translate material to
Braille
-Hands-on learning
-Tactile Diagrams
Emotional
Disturbance
functioning that is
adversely affects
learning
a condition
exhibiting one or
more of the
following
characteristics.
1. An inability to
learn that cannot
be explained by
intellectual,
sensory, or health
factors
2. An inability to
build or maintain
satisfactory
interpersonal
relationships with
peers and teachers
3. Inappropriate
types of behaviors
or feelings under
normal
circumstances
4. A general mood
of unhappiness or
depression
5. A tendency to
develop physical
symptoms or fears
associated with
personal or school
problems
The
characteristics
must be present
over a long period
of time and to a
marked degree
There are two
major categories
of causes for ED,
Biology and
Environmental.
Biology:
-Brain Disorders
-Genetics
-Temperament
Environmental:
-Home
-School
-Community
3-6% of school
age children have
emotional or
behavior
problems that are
sufficient enough
for intervention
More than of
children with ED
are boys
Externalizing
Behaviors:
-Out of seat
-Yelling
-Hitting/Fighting
-Ignoring teachers and
adults
-Argues Excessively
-Lies
-Disturbing thoughts
-Temper Tantrums
-Destroying Property
Internalizing Behaviors
-Withdrawn
-Phobias
-Deep bouts
Depression
-Anxiety
-Mood Disorders
-Anti-Social
-Need systematic
instruction in
academics and
social skills
-Positive Behavior
Intervention
Supports
-Teach selfmanagement skills
-May need a
Functional
Behavior
Assessment
-Behavior
Intervention Plan
-Bigger font size
-Ask the student what they
need
-Focus on alterable
variables
-Teach replacement
behaviors
-Behavior contracts
-Social stories
-Check in/Check out
-School-Home note system
-Peer mediation and
support
-Clear rules and
expectations
-Self-monitoring and selfevaluation
-Praise and positive
reinforcement
-Minimize downtime
-Anticipate and address
problem behaviors
-Social stories
-Countoons
Deaf and
Hearing
Impairment
that adversely
affects a childs
educational
performance.
Hearing
Impairment:
Impairment in
hearing, whether
permanent or
fluctuating, that
adversely affects a
childs educational
performance, but
that is not
included under the
definition of
deafness
Deaf: A hearing
impairment that is
so severe that the
child is unable to
process language
through hearing
with or without
amplification, and
the childs
educational
performance is
affected
Sources:
Hearing
impairment
either happens
before or after
birth. The cause
are genetics,
maternal rubella,
Congenital
Cytomegalovirus,
Prematurity,
Otitis Media,
Meningitis,
Mnires
Disease, and
Noise exposure.
36 million
Americans report
some degree of
hearing loss.
About 2 to 3 out
of every 1,000
children are born
deaf or hard of
hearing.
-Poor communication
skills
-Poor language skills
-Atypical speech
-Behavioral difficulties
-Difficulty in academic
achievement
-Difficulty
differentiating
questions from
statements
-Communication
-Fatigue
-Technology
-F.M. Systems
-Closed
Captioning
-Cochlear
implants
1.2% of all schoolaged children
who receive SPED
are hearing
impaired or deaf.
Males are more
likely than
females to be
hearing impaired
or death
ISP 220 Notes
Heward, William L. Exceptional Children: An Introduction to Special Education. 10th ed. N.p.: Pearson, 2013. Print
-Directly face the students
-Stand close to the student
-Get the students attention
before speaking
-Speak slowly
-Clear indication of the
topic
-Avoid speaking and
writing on the board
-Allow wait time
-Good lighting the
classroom
-Reduce background noise
-Consider room acoustics
-Minimize copying notes.
-Provide visual aids
-Provide information in
advance if possible
-Seating near the front
-Written tests instead of
oral tests
-Be sensitive to students
need
- Hearing aids
-Sound field system
-Interpreter
-Note taker
