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Genetic Engineering Overview

Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique used to modify the DNA of living organisms. It involves isolating genes of interest, inserting them into a transfer vector, transferring the vector into an organism to be modified, transforming the cells, and selecting genetically modified organisms. Some applications include improving crops, producing synthetic human insulin, and creating experimental mice models. However, there are also dangers like imprecise technology potentially disrupting gene function, unknown side effects since living systems aren't fully understood, possible widespread crop failure, and threats to the food supply without long term safety testing. In conclusion, genetic engineering is compared to performing heart surgery with a shovel due to the risks.

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619 views13 pages

Genetic Engineering Overview

Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique used to modify the DNA of living organisms. It involves isolating genes of interest, inserting them into a transfer vector, transferring the vector into an organism to be modified, transforming the cells, and selecting genetically modified organisms. Some applications include improving crops, producing synthetic human insulin, and creating experimental mice models. However, there are also dangers like imprecise technology potentially disrupting gene function, unknown side effects since living systems aren't fully understood, possible widespread crop failure, and threats to the food supply without long term safety testing. In conclusion, genetic engineering is compared to performing heart surgery with a shovel due to the risks.

Uploaded by

helperforeu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GENETIC

ENGINEERING
By
SADIQ HASAN BUKAI
FA06-BB-0083
AGENDA
1. HISTORY OF GENETIC
ENGINEERING
2. WHAT IS GENETIC ENGINEERING
3. WHAT IS A D.N.A
4. PROCESS OF GENETIC
ENGINEERING
5. APPLICATION OF GENETIC
ENGINEERING
6. WHAT ARE THE DANGERS
7. CONCLUSION
HISTORY OF GENETIC
ENGINEERING
• THE TERM “GENETIC
ENGINEERING” WAS COINED IN
JACK WILLIAMSON’S SCIENCE
FICTION NOVEL DRAGON
ISLAND PUBLISHED IN 1951.
• TWO YEARS BEFORE JAMES
WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK
SHOWED THAT D.N.A COULD BE
A MEDIUM OF TRANSMISSION
OF GENETIC INFORMATION.
WHAT IS GENETIC
ENGINEERING?
Genetic
Engineering is a
laboratory
technique used
by scientist to
change the D.N.A
of living
organisms.
WHAT IS A D.N.A?

D.N.A is a blue
print for the
individuality of
an organism.
WHAT IS GENETIC
ENGINEERING?
• Molecular Biologist discovered
enzymes which change the
structure of D.N.A in living
organism.
• Scientist learned about vectors,
strands of D.N.A such as viruses
• Building vectors to incorporate
in the Genes.
• Genetic engineering is different
from traditional breeding.
PROCESS OF GENETIC
ENGINEERING
1. ISOLATION OF THE GENES
OF INTEREST
2. INSERTION OF THE GENES
INTO A TRANSFER VECTOR.
3. TRANSFER OF THE VECTOR
TO THE ORGANISM TO BE
MODIFIED
4. TRANSFORMATION OF THE
CELLS OF THE ORGRANISM
5. SELECTION OF GMO FROM
THOSE THAT HAVE NOT
BEEN SUCCESSFULLY
MODIFIED.
APPLICATION OF GENETIC
ENGINEERING
• IMPROVING CROP
TECHNOLOGY
• MANUFACTURE OF
SYNTHETIC HUMAN INSULIN.
• NEW TYPE OF EXPERIMENTAL
MICE SUCH AS OHCOMOUSE
(CANCER MOUSE)
• 1987 FDA (FOOD & DRUG
ADMIN) APPROVED FIRST
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED
VACCINE FOR HEPATITIS B.
WHAT ARE THE
DANGERS
• IMPRECISE TECHNOLOGY:
(1998)
Gene cut precisely from the
DNA of an organism but
insertion is basically random.
Consequences is there is a risk
that it may disrupt the
functioning of other gene
essential to the life of that
organism.
WHAT ARE THE
DANGERS
• SIDE EFFECTS (1998)
Scientist do not understand living
system completely enough to
perform DNA surgery. Harmful to
the environment and our
health.
• WIDE SPREAD CROP FAILURE
(1996)
When a farmer plants
genetically engineered seeds.
There could be a widespread
crop failure.
WHAT ARE THE
DANGERS
• Threatens our entire food
supply
• No long term safety testing
• Toxins
• Allergic reaction
• Problems cannot be traced.
CONCLUSION

GENETIC
ENGINEERING IS
LIKE PERFORMING
HEART SURGERY
WITH A SHOVEL.
THANK
YOU 

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