vitamins
AL- KALAMOON UNIVERSITY DENTISRY COLLEGE DR. LOUAY LABBAN
DEFININTION
The term vitamin is derived from the words vital and amine, because vitamins are required for life and were originally thought to be amines
They are organic compounds required by humans in small amounts from the diet.
IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS
VITAMINS B1, B2, B3, B5, B 6, B7, B9, B12, C, K B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7 FUNCTION COENZYME METABOLISM OF ENERGY YIELDING NUTRIENTS
B 6, B 9, B12
B6, B9, B12 B 7, B 5, B 3 C,E B1, B6, B12 A, D
RED BLOOD CELL SYNTHESIS
AMINO ACID METABOLISM FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS ANTIOXODENT PROTECTION NERVE TRANSMISSION GENE EXPRESSION
CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS
VITAMINS HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN GROUPED BASED ON THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER OR FAT
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS B VITAMINS THIAMIN B1 RIBOFLAVIN B2 NIACIN B3 BIOTIN PANTOTHENIC ACID B 6 FOLATE B 12 VITAMIN C
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS VITAMIN A
VITAMIN D VITAMIN E
VITAMIN K
FACTS ABOUT VITAMINS
Vitamins are found in almost everything you eat Processing affects vitamin content Dietary supplements can boost vitamin intake Not all of what you eat can be used by the body
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B COMPLEX GROUP
THIAMIN OR VITAMIN B 1
Very important vitamin to prevent Beriberi that was discovered in the West Indies A Japanese surgeon in the navy found that beriberi on ships could be avoided by adding meat and whole grains to the diet.
THIAMIN IMPORTANCE
BERIBERI
SOURCES OF THIAMIN
Sources of Thiamin: it is widely distributed in foods Yeast and liver are the most highly concentrated sources however, cereal grains are the most important dietary sources of thiamin in the diet as these foods are consumed readily in most diets.
RIBOFLAVIN OR VITAMIN B 2
Very important vitamin because it is part of two coenzymes (FMN) and (FAD) which are oxidizing agents
RIBOFALVIN IMPORTANCE
SYMPTOMS OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY
Stomatitis Anemia Swollen and dark tongue Angular chelosis: cracks in corners of mouth and lips
Riboflavin deficiency
SOURCES OF RIBOFLAVIN
RDA for Riboflavin
The recommended dietary intake for riboflavin is 1.3 mg / day .
NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3
Niacin is the compound that prevents development of Pellagra. It was isolated from nicotine acid It plays an important role in coenzyme NAD which is very important in metabolism.
IMPORTANCE OF NIACIN OR VITAMIN B3
SOURCES OF NIACIN
DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN
Pellagra: dermatitis Muscular weakness Anorexia Indigestion Skin eruptions Diarrhea
DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN OR B3
Pellagra
Pellagra
Vitamin B 6 or Pyridoxine
Very important vitamin since it plays a coenzyme role in more than 100 enzymatic reactions.
VITAMIN B 5 OR PANTOTHENIC
Part of Coenzyme A which plays an important role in energy metabolism. Is essential for the formation of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, fat and alcohol.
SOURCES OF PANTOTHENIC
Meat Milk Mushrooms Liver Peanuts Eggs yeast
DEFICIENCY OF B 5
Headache Fatigue Impaired muscle coordination GI tract disorders
RDA FOR PANTOTHENIC ACID
RDA for adults is 5 mg / day
VITAMIN B6 FUNCTIONS
SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 6
Animal tissues Fish Poultry Whole grains Some fruits and vegetables mainly bananas , carrots, potatoes, garbanzo beans, avacado
DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B 6
Weakness Sleeplessness Peripheral neuropathy Personality changes Dermatitis Glossitis
VITAMIN B6 SOURCES
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR B 6
RDA for vitamin B 6 is 1.3 2 mg / day
BIOTIN OR VITAMIN B 7
Biotin participate in reactions in which carbon dioxide is added to a compound.
FUNCTIONS OF B 7
Essential cofactor for 5 carboxylase enzyme that add CO2 to various compounds.
SOURCES OF BIOTIN
Whole grains Eggs Nuts legumes
DEFICIENCY OF BIOTIN
Skin rash Neurological disorders Impaired growth
RDA FOR BIOTIN
RDA for Biotin is 30 g /day for adults
FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9
Folate is derived from Latin word means leaf because dark leafy vegetables are the best source for folate
VITAMIN B9 SOURCES
Beans Legumes Citrus fruit Liver Fish Eggs Milk and milk products
FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9
Folic acid functions
Deficiency of Folate
Reduced ability to double DNA Anemia
Folic acid function
RDA FOR FOLATE
RDA for adults is 400 g / day
VITAMIN B 12
Cyanocobalamin or vitamin B 12 is very imporatnt vitamin It plays an important role in many Coenzymes
SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 12
Meat Poultry Seafood Eggs Milk and milk products
Sources of VITAMIN B12
RDA OF VITAMIN B 12
RDA for adults is 2.4 g /day Deficiency can cause anemia
VITAMIN C OR ASCORBIC ACID
Is involved in many processes in human body The most important function for vitamin C is the synthesis of collagen, the principal tissue protein found in tendon, arteries
FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN C
Healthy immune system Helps in wounds healing Maintains the connective tissues Aids in iron absorption
ASCORBIC ACID OR VITAMIN C
SOURCES OF VITAMIN C
Fruits and vegetables are the major sources for vitamin C Citrus fruits Broccoli Green pepper
SOURCES OF VITAMIN C
Deficiency of vitamin C
The well-known deficiency is Scurvy Weakness Fatigue Inflammation of the gum Impaired wound healing Hemorrhages depression
SCURVY IN HUMAN
RDA FOR VITAMIN C
RDA for vitamin c for adults is 60 mg / day
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN A VITAMIN D VITAMIN E VITAMIN K
Vitamin A
Assists with formation of epithelium, skin and mucus membrane Maintains healthy eyes Assists with bone remodeling
Deficiency
Dry skin, poor immunity and slow growth Night blindess, xeropthalmia (total blindes)
Retinopathy
Night blindness
VITAMIN A
sources
Vitamin D
Considered as hormone that facilitates absorption of Ca and P It assists with bone formation by aiding the absorption of calcium
Functions
sources
Vitamin D deficiency
Ricketts
Osteoporosis
Vitamin E
Antioxident and promotes RBC Deficiency of vitamin E is heomlytic anemia RDA 15 mg / day
Functions of vitamin E
Functions of vitamin E
Sources
Vitamin K
Assists in the synthesis of prothrombin required for blood clotting Deficiency symptoms are prolonged bleeding and increased clotting time.
Ssources of vitamin K
Functions of vitamin K
Vitamin K deficiency
