HACCP

What is HACCP?
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system

Sometimes referred to as
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (incorrect)

What is HACCP?
A preventive system for assuring the safe production of food products Common-sense application of technical and scientific principles

What is the purpose of HACCP?

Prevent, reduce, or eliminate hazards in foods
Control = Prevent, reduce, or eliminate

Objective of HACCP
To make the product safely and be able to prove it

History of HACCP
Developed by Pillsbury in 1959 as a nontesting approach to assure the safety level required by NASA for foods produced for the space program

History of HACCP
NASAs major concerns Food crumbs Foodborne illness

History of HACCP Initial Development

NASAs Zero Defects program
Testing

materials

Naticks Failure Mode program

Hazard

Points

Analysis and Critical Control

History of HACCP
Introduced during the National Conference on Food Protection, 1971 Three principles:
Identification

and assessment of hazards of critical control points to control any identified hazard Establishment of systems to monitor critical control points
Determination

History of HACCP
National Research Council - 1985 An Evaluation of the Role of

Microbiological Criteria for Foods and Food Ingredients

Microbiological

hazards not controlled by testing Recommended using HACCP for food safety assurance

History of HACCP
National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Food (NACMCF)
1988 Encourage Develop

adoption of HACCP a consensus for HACCP application

History of HACCP
NACMCF proposed 7 principles of HACCP application
Published 1st.

in 1989 Revision in 1992 2nd. Revision (latest) in 1997

Released immediately on the Internet Published in 1998 (Journal of Food Protection)

History of HACCP
The 7 principles of HACCP
Conduct a hazard analysis Identify the critical control points Establish critical limits Establish monitoring procedures Establish corrective actions Establish verification procedures Establish record-keeping and

documentation procedures

HACCP is international
The Codex Alimentarius Commission has adopted HACCP principles similar to those of NACMCF

Reasons for HACCP

Failure of inspection procedures to

prevent hazards from being present on foods End-product testing does not guarantee the safety of the product

Reasons for HACCP

Sampling plans
Examination

of entire lots is not feasible Depend on probabilities for calculating sampling size

Reasons for HACCP

Two-class plan
n

= No. sample units to be tested c = No. sample units allowed to yield unsatisfactory results

Example: n = 5, c = 2

No. carcasses = 300 If 1% of the lot is defective, and n=5, c=0

Two-class plans

No. carcasses = 300 If 1% of the lot is defective, and n=5, c=0

Two-class plans

The probability of accepting this contaminated lot of beef carcasses is 95%

Probability of accepting a defective lot

Operating Characteristic (OC) Curve Prob. of acceptance
1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 n=5, n=5, c=0 c=0

True percent defective

Reasons for HACCP

Allows to provide consumers with safe foods Creates production records Many processors require their suppliers to operate under HACCP

Reasons for HACCP

Meat, seafood and juice Processors:

It is the law!

Overview of the 7 Principles of HACCP

HACCP is a procedure which applies 7 principles to produce safe foods

The 7 Principles of HACCP

Conduct a hazard analysis Determine the critical control points (CCP) Establish critical limits Establish monitoring procedures Establish corrective actions Establish verification procedures Establish procedures for record keeping and documentation

Pre requisite programs

Facilities Supplier control Specifications Equipment Sanitation Personnel hygiene Training Chemical control Reception, storage and transport Traceability and recalls Pest control

GMP and SSOP are fundamental for a sound HACCP plan

Food safety

HACCP SSOP GMP

Before starting writing the HACCP plan, the team must conduct 5 preliminary activities

Pre HACCP activities

Pre HACCP activities

1. Assemble the HACCP team 2. Describe the food and its distribution method 3. Identify the intended use and the target consumer for the product 4. Develop a flow chart describing the process, marking points where a potential health hazard may exist 5. Verify the flow chart

Principle 1. Conduct a hazard analysis

Hazard identification Hazard evaluation

Prepare a list of steps in the process where dignificant hazards may be introduced or increased Describe control measures

Hazards in foods
Chemical
Pesticide,

etc.

antibiotic residues, additives

Physical
Wood

chips, pieces of gloves, metal fragments etc. pathogens, parasites, viruses

Biological
Bacterial

Principle 2. Determine the CCP

Critical control point:
Point, step or procedure where a

control measure is applied and the control is necessary at that point to keep a safe production

Use the decision tree to

determine whether a step in the process is a CCP

Principle 3. Establish critical limits

Critical limit (CL):
Criterion

that must be met at each CCP to ensure that the hazard is under control
Temperature/time, pH, salt concentration, aw, etc.

Principle 4. Establish monitoring procedures

Monitoring is a planned sequence of observations to determine if the CL is being met El monitoreo es una secuencia planeada de observaciones para evaluar si un PCC se mantiene bajo control.
Monitoring

results are used for adjusting the process and keep control of every significant hazard

Principle 5. Establish corrective actions

What do we do if the monitoring indicates that the CL was not met (deviation)?
No worries, just dump the whole lot when the boss is out

Corrective action should be taken to:

Correct the problem to continue production now under control Decide how to dispose of the product finished under deviation

Corrective Action FSIS rule

When monitoring indicates that a CCP is out of control, actiosn need to be taken to:
Identify

and eliminate the cause of the deviation Bring the CCP under control after corrective action is taken Establish measures to prevent recurrence No product that is injurious to health or adulterated enters the commerce

Principle 6. Establish verification procedures CCP verification HACCP plan verification Are we doing the right thing? Do we say what we do Do we do what we say?

Principle 7. Establish

procedures for record keeping and documentation

What did I do with the monitoring data?