85
LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN
Perhitungan kinerja Heat Exchanger E-108 A
Diketahui :
Shell = Long Residue
T1
= 228,44oC = 32 + (
T2
= 200,24oC = 32 + (
= 443,192oF
C)
= 392,432 oF
C)
T1 T2 = (443,192 392,432) oF
= 50,76oF
= 206975,2 lb/hr
= 2253,2 T/D x 1000kg/T x 2,2046 lb/D x
Spgr60/60
= 0,9097
= 24,04
API
Tube = Crude Oil
t1
= 138,26oC = 32 + (
= 155,46oC = 32 + (
C)
280,868oF
t2
C)
311,828oF
t2 - t1
= (311,828 280,868) oF
= 3509,4 T/D x 1000kg/T x 2,2046 lb/D x
lb/hr
Spgr60/60= 0,85056
API
= 34,86
= 30,96oF
= 322367,6
86
1. NERACA PANAS (Heat Ballance), Q
Q = W. C (T1 T2) = w. c (t1 t2)
a. Pada Shell (Long Residu)
Diketahui :
TAVg =
T1 + T2
=
2
= 0,628 Btu/[Link]
= 417,812 oF
(Fig. 4 Kern Hal. 806)
Maka,
Q1 = W x C (T2 T1)
= 206975,2 lb/hr x 0,628 Btu/[Link] x 50,76oF
= 6597806,297 Btu/hr
b. Pada Tube (Crude Oil)
Diketahui :
tAVg =
t1 + t 2
=
2
= 0,583 Btu/[Link]
= 296,348 oF
(Fig. 4 Kern Hal. 806)
Maka,
Q1 = w x c (t2 t1)
= 322367,6 lb/hr x 0,583 Btu/[Link] x 30,96oF
= 5818632,654 Btu/hr
87
2. LMTD dant
Hot Fluida
443,192oF
392,432oF
50,76oF
(T1 T2)
T1
T2
Higher Temp
Lower Temp
Differences
t2
t1
Cold Fluida
311,828oF
280,868oF
30,96oF
(t2 t1)
t2 t1
= ln t2 / t1 =
LMTD
Differences
131,364oF
111,564oF
19,8oF
= 121,1946 oF
T1 T2
= t t
2
1
= 1,639535
t 2 t1
= T t
1
1
= 0,19073
Berdasarkan data Desain HE E-108 A yang merupakan HE dengan
2Shell dan >4Tube Pass, Maka didapat Faktor Koreksi FT = 0,98
(Fig. 18 Kern Hal. 828)
Sehingga,
t
= LMTD x FT
= 121,1946 oF x 0,98
= 118,7707 oF
3. TEMPERATUR KALORI (Tc dan tc)
tc
th =
t1
t2
= 0,84927377
(Fig. 17 Kern Hal. 827)
Diketahui :
T1 - T2
o
API
= 50,76 oF
= 24,04
Maka didapat :
Kc
= 0,165
(Fig. 17 Kern Hal. 827)
t2
t1
(t2 - t1)
88
Fc
= 0,48
(Fig. 17 Kern Hal. 827)
Tc (Shell)
= t1 + Fc x (T1 T2)
= 392,432oF + 0,48 x 50,76oF
= 416,7968 oF
tc (Tube)
= T2 + Fc x (t2 t1)
= 280,868oF + 0,48 x 30,96oF
= 295,7288 oF
4. LUAS ALIRAN (Flow Area), as dan at
a. Pada Shell
Diketahui :
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1450 mm = 145 cm x 0,3937 in/cm = 57,0865 in
Tube Pitch (PT)
32 mm = 3,2 cm x 0,3937 in/cm = 1,2598 in
Jarak Baffles (B)
= 600 mm = 60 cm x 0,3937 in/cm
= 23,622 in
Tube Clearance (C) = PT OD = 0,2598 in
Maka :
as
IDxC " xB
144 P
T
=
= 1,87273794 ft2
b. PadaTube
Diketahui :
Jumlah Tube (Nt)
= 586 per shell
Jumlah Pass (n)
= 4
Diameter Luar (OD)
= 1 in
BWG
= 12
Maka :
at
= 0, 479 in2 (Tabel 10 Kern Hal. 843)
89
at
N t x a 't
144 n
x4
= 0,487316 ft2
5. KECEPATAN MASSA (Mass Velocity), GsdanGt
a. PadaShell
Diketahui :
ws
= 206975,2 lb/hr
as
= 1.87273794 ft2
Maka :
ws
Gs = a
s
= 110520,1 lb/hr.ft2
b. PadaTube
Diketahui :
wt = 322367,6 lb/hr
at
= 0.487316
ft2
Maka :
wt
Gt = a
t
6. BILANGAN REYNOLD (Re)
a. Pada Shell
Diketahui :
Tc
= 416,7968 oF
API
= 24,04
SG
= 0,9097
= 661516,6614 lb/hr.ft2
90
lb
= 0,66 Cp x 2, 42
[Link]
cp
= 1,5972 lb/[Link]
1 ft
Maka, De
Res =
= 0, 99 in x 12 in = 0, 0825 ft
De x G s
= 5708,683176
b. Pada Tube
Diketahui :
= 295,7288oF
tc
API = 34,86
SG = 0.85056
lb
= 0,44 Cp x 2, 42
[Link]
cp
= 1,0648 Ib/[Link]
Maka, Dt
(J.B Maxwell Hal 165)
= 0.782 in
(Tabel 10. Kern Hal. 843)
1 ft
= 0, 782 in 12 in = 0, 0651 ft
Ret
Dt x Gt
= 40444
7. FAKTOR PERPINDAHAN PANAS (jH)
a. Pada shell
Res
= 5708,683176
jH
b. Pada Tube
Diketahui :
= 40
(Fig. 28 Kern Hal. 838)
91
= 4,877 m / 0,0254 m/in = 192 in x 0,0833 ft/in = 15,99 ft
= 0,782 ft / 12 = 0,0651 ft
L/D
= 245,67
Maka dari grafik didapat,
jH
= 120
(Fig. 24 Kern Hal. 834)
8. KOEFISIEN PERPINDAHAN PANAS
a. Pada Shell
Diketahui :
Tc
= 416,7968oF
= 0,625 Btu/[Link]
(Fig. 4 Kern Hal. 806)
= 0,0663 Btu/[Link]([Link])
(Fig. 1 Kern Hal. 803)
Maka,
1/ 3
c .
= 2,469
b. Pada tube
Diketahui :
tc
= 295,7288oF
= 0,584 Btu/[Link]
(Fig. 4 Kern Hal. 806)
= 0,0727 Btu/[Link]([Link])
(Fig. 1 Kern Hal. 803)
Maka,
1/ 3
c .
9. ho dan hio
a. Pada shell
Diketahui :
= 2,045
92
jH
= 40
k / De
Maka :
= 0,0663 / 0,0825
ho
ho
ho
= 0,8036
k c . 1 / 3
= jH .
.
s
D k
k c . 1 / 3
= jH .
.
D k
= 40 x 0,8036 x 2,469
= 79,3671273
b. Pada tube
Diketahui :
jH = 120
k/D
Maka :
hi
= 0,0727 / 0, 0651= 1,11674
= jH .
k c . 1 / 3
.
D k
= jH .
k c . 1 / 3
.
D k
= 120 x 1,11674 x 2,045
= 274,0488
1)
hio
ID
OD
= 274,0488 x
= 214,3062
9. TUBE WALL TEMPERATURE
tw
= tc +
ho / s
hio / t + ho / s
(Tc - tc)
93
=295,7288oF+
(416,7968-295,7288) oF
= 328,448215oF
10. s dan t
a. Pada shell
tw
= 328.448215oF
SG
= 0,9097
= 0,78 x 2, 42
lb
[Link]
cp
= 1,8876 lb/[Link]
Maka,
s
0 ,14
0,14
= 0,976
b. Pada tube
tw
= 328,448215oF
SG = 0,85056
lb
w = 0,37Cp x 2, 42
[Link]
cp
= 0,8594 lb/[Link]
Maka,
t
0 ,14
11. ho dan hio
a. Pada shell
ho
ho
x s
0,14
= 1,024
94
= 79,367 x 0,976
= 77,532 Btu/hr (ft)2 (oF)
b. Pada tube
hio
hio
xt
= 214.3062 x 1,024
= 219,5684 Btu/hr (ft)2 (oF)
12. CLEAN OVERALL COEFFICIENT, Uc
Uc
hio . ho
hio +ho
= 57,2993246 Btu/hr (ft)2 (oF)
13. DESIGN OVERALL COEFFICIENT, Ud
Diketahui :
OD
= 1 in
BWG
= 12
= 0,2618 ft2/[Link]
= 16 ft
Nt
= 586 / shell
(Tabel 10 Kern Hal. 843)
Maka,
A
= a x L x Nt
= 0,2618 ft2/ft x 16 ft x 586
= 2453,65 ft
Sehingga,
UD
= A.
t =
= 19,57 Btu / [Link]
14. FAKTOR PENGOTOR, Rd
Rd
UC U D
U C ..U D =
15. PRESSURE DROP
= 0,03364496 Btu/hr (ft)2 (oF)
95
a. Padashell
1) Untuk Res
= 5708,683176 lb/[Link]
= 0,00235 ft2 / in2
(Fig. 29 Kern Hal. 839)
= 0,773
(Fig. 6 Kern Hal. 809)
Ds
= 12 in / ft = 57,086/12 = 4,757 ft
ID
2) [Link] crosses,
N + 1
12 L
=
B
= 97,54
3) Pressure drop (Ps)
f .Gs .Ds .( N +1)
=
5,22 [Link] . s .s
2
Ps
=
= 4,095949058 psi
= 4.095949058 psi x
1 kg / cm 2
14,233 psi
= 0,2877778 kg / cm2
b. Pada tube
Untuk Ret
= 40444
= 0,00016 ft2 / in2
tc
= 295,7288oF
(Fig. 26 Kern Hal. 836)
API = 34,86
= 0,76
1) Pressure drop (Pt)
(Fig. 6 Kern Hal. 809)
96
Pt
f .Gt L. n
=
5,22 x 1010.D . s . t
=
= 1,692807448 psi
= 1,692807448 psi x
1 kg / cm 2
14,233 psi
= 0,1189353 kg/cm2
2) Gt
lb/[Link]
v2
2 g ' psi
= 0,052
(Fig. 27 Kern Hal.
837)
Pr
=
=
4 x n
v2
x
s
2g'
x 0,052
= 1,094736842 psi
= 1,094736842 psi x
1 kg / cm 2
14,233 psi
= 0,0769154 kg/cm2
3) PT
= Pt + Pr
= 1,6928074 psi + 1,094736 psi
= 2,78754429 psi
= 2,78754429 psi x
1 kg / cm 2
14,233 psi
= 0,1958937877 kg/cm2
16. EFFISIENSI KERJA HE
=
x 100%
97
=
= 88,19 %
x 100 %
