Electric Load Estimation
For High Rise Buildings
Total Electric Load Estimation For residential Buildings
In general for the first estimation of the total power required for residential buildings 1- Economic Residential Building Power density = 2 4 KVA / 100 m2 2- Moderate Residential Building Power density = 5 7 KVA / 100 m2 3- Luxurious Residential Building Power density = 8 10 KVA / 100 m2
Lighting
Indoor Lighting
Lighting Power Estimation
1- Residential Buildings, Pd = 10 VA / m2 2- Offices, Pd = 20 VA / m2 3- Malls, Pd = 40 VA /m2 4- Colleges and Schools, Pd = 25 VA / m2 5- Hospitals, Pd = 20 VA / m2
Allowed lighting power
There are two Methods to estimate the lighting power in commercial buildings: A. Complete Building Method. B. Area Category Method.
A. Complete Building Method
The building must consist of one type of use for a minimum of 90% of the floor area of the entire building (in determining the area of the primary type of use, include the following areas if they serve as support for the primary type of use: lobbies, corridors, restrooms and storage closets).
Table 1 Complete Building Method Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m)
TYPE OF USE Auditoriums Convention centers Financial institutions General commercial and industrial work buildings High bay Low bay Grocery stores Hotel Industrial and commercial storage buildings Medical buildings and clinics Office buildings Parking Garages Religious facilities Restaurants Retail and wholesale stores* Schools Theaters All others
ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER 17 14 12 12 11 17 15 8.0 12 12 5.0 17 13 17 14 15 7.0
Example: Complete Building Method
A 1000-m medical clinic building is to be built. What is its allowed lighting power under the complete building approach?
Answer
From Table the Standards, medical buildings and clinics are allowed 12 w/m2. The allowed lighting power is 1000 x 12 = 12000 W. = 12 KW.
B. Area Category Method
For purposes of the area category method, an "area" is defined as all contiguous spaces that accommodate or are associated with a single primary function as listed in Standards Table
Table 2 Standards Table for Area Category Method Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m)
PRIMARY FUNCTION ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER Auditorium 17* Auto repair 13 ** Classrooms, lecture, training, vocational room 14 Civic Meeting Place 15* Commercial and industrial storage 7.0 Convention, conference, multipurpose and meeting centers 16* Corridors, restrooms, stairs and support areas 7.0 Dining 12* Electrical, mechanical rooms 8 ** Exercise center, gymnasium 11 Exhibit, museum 20 Financial transactions 13* General commercial and industrial work High bay 12** Low bay 11 ** Precision 15 *** Grocery sales 18 Housing, Public and Commons Areas Multi-family 11 Dormitory, Senior Housing 16 Hotel function area 16*
Table 2 Standards Table for Area Category Method Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m)
Kitchen, food preparation Laundry Library Reading areas Stacks Stacks Lobbies Hotel lobby Main entry lobby Locker/dressing room Lounge/recreation Malls and atria Medical and clinical care Office Parking garage Religious worship Retail merchandise sales, wholesale showrooms Tenant lease space Transportation function Theaters Motion picture Performance Waiting area All other 18 10 14 18 18 12* 18* 10 12 14* 14 14 5.0 16* 20 11 12 10* 16* 13* 7.0
Table 2 Standards Table for Area Category Method Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m)
Lobbies Hotel lobby Main entry lobby Locker/dressing room Lounge/recreation Malls and atria Medical and clinical care Office Parking garage Religious worship Retail merchandise sales, wholesale showrooms Tenant lease space Transportation function Theaters Motion picture Performance Waiting area All other 12* 18* 10 12 14* 14 14 5.0 16* 20 11 12 10* 16* 13* 7.0
Example: Area Category Method
A small bank building has the following area distribution: Corridors 80 m2 Main Entry Lobby 20 m2 Financial Transactions 120 m2 Managers Office 20 m2 What is the allowed lighting power for this building under the area category method? Answer The following Lighting Power Densities apply (from Table 2): Space LPD Area Allowed Watts Corridors 7.0 W Main Entry 16 W Financial Transactions 13 W Managers Office 14 W Total 80 m2 20 m2 120 m2 20 m2 560 320 1560 280 ______ 2720 W
Question
A 1000-m2 multi-use building is to be built consisting of: A) 50 m2 main entry lobby, B) 200 m2 corridors and restroom, C) 300 m2 grocery store, D) 250 m2 retail, and E) 200 m2 future development. What is the allowed lighting power under the area category method?
Normal Sockets
In general sockets can arranged in the free spaces between furniture OR One socket can be assigned for each 5 m The power of a normal socket can be taken as 250 VA
Power Sockets
Power sockets can be put in the kitchens and offices The power of the power sockets can be 1 KVA 2 KVA 3 KVA OR as required
UPS Sockets
For the information technology equipments it is required to use UPS to supply the sockets supplies these equipments.
Air Conditioning Power Estimation
Houses, Pd Offices, Pd Shops, Pd Malls, Pd = 65 w/m2 = 70 w / m2 = 90 w / m2 = 80 w / m2
Colleges and Schools, Pd = 100 w / m2
Air Conditioning Power Estimation
OR From 3.5 to 5.5 ton / 100 m2 Power in Kw = No. of tons x (1.6 2.5)
Kw
Elevators
The number and type of the elevators will be determined by the architecture engineer. To estimate the power required for the elevators
P elev. = 15 25
Kw
Pumps
Number and size of the water pump can be determined by the mechanical engineer To estimate the power required for the pumps
1- Water pump power = 5 KVA 2- Fire pump power = 15 KVA
