14 __ Listenin, Section4 Questions 31-40 Questions 31-37 Choose the correct letter A, B, or C. 31. The purpose of the data collection was to ‘A. test people's reaction to different buildings. B collect detailed information on various buildings. C assess the beauty of different public buildings. 32 The initial plan to use a questionnaire was abandoned, because A_ it would take too much time to produce. B_ the questions were too difficult to write. C_ it would take too long for people to complete. 33. People indicated their reactions on a 1-5 scale, ‘A. giving rise to some interesting answers. B_ ensuring that the information was easier to collect. making it quicker to choose the top three images. 34 To make sure people could see the detail in the images better A only daylight images were used. B_ black and white images were used. C__ the images were produced in colour. 38. What was done to preserve the images when being used? ‘A. they were covered in plastic with a special machine. B_ people were asked to wear gloves when touching them. C_the images were handled only by the researcher. 36 Among the people who formed part of the sample were ‘A. tourists from various places. B_ office workers during lunch-break. commuters as they exited stations. 37. What was the reason for appointing a leader for the group? A. tocomply with the instructions for the task. B_ tohelp hold the team together. €_toallocate tasks to the various members. Questions 38-40 Which findings match the age groups ofthe image testing? Write the appropriate letter AD next to each age group. Findings ‘A. varied reaction mainly scored 1 mostly scored 3 mainly scored 5 20-40 year-olds B c D 38 11-18 year-olds 39 40.50 years old and over Stop the recording when you hear ‘That is the end of Section 4’. Now check your answers.iS g basa Academic Reading 60 minutes Reading Passage 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages. Questions 1-4 Reading passage 1 has five sections AE. Choose the correct heading for sections B-E from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet. List of Headings 1 How the problem of land scarcity has been overcome in the past ji Various predictions about future solutions to a lack of space Iii The effects of population growth on land availabilty iv The importance of the new British Library v_ Anexpanding population vi Adescription of a mega-city vil_Afirm belief that human habitation of outer space will occur The importance of having an international space station Answer Section B Section C Section D Section E16 Reading Space Section A ‘The world has changed dramatically since Thomas Malthus's work An Essay on the Principle of Population, first published in 1798, argued that by the mid 1800s the unrestricted expansion of the human population would outgrow the agricultural land available to supply humanity with food. Over 150 years have passed since this theoretical milestone, but mankind, admittedly somewhat more cramped, is still expanding and will continue to do so. Section B The impact of unfettered population growth is clear for all to see. Urbanization is now a more evident worldwide phenomenon than nity running out of space or will we find new frontiers? As populations grow, people hrave to look for more innovative ways to provide space. previously as even greater numbers of people drift from rural areas to vast cities all over the world like Tokyo, Mexico City and Mumbai (26.4 million, 18.4 million and 18.1 million inhabitants in 2000 respectively) in their quest for a better life. These mega-cities, i.e, conurbations with an estimated population of more than 10 million people, are springing up in every continent, Now teeming with humanity, they are hungry for one increasingly valuable resource: land. While developments in agricultural technology ensure humanity may be able, by and large, to feed the people flocking to these great metropolises, the expansion of the human race is fuelling an unprecedented appetite for real estate. Space, whether it be for personal or public use, corporate or national, human or flora/fauna, is now at a premium as we move into a new century. Not only is more land required for accommodation, but also for a wide range of infrastructure facilities. Transport systems including roads within and between cities need to be constructed or upgraded to create motorways; green fields are turned into airports; virgin forest is stripped to provide food and firewood. In poorer regions, this newly exposed land becomes desert, completing the cycle of destruction.