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Beam Bending and Stress Analysis

The document discusses bending in beams. It defines that a positive shear force acts upward on the right face of a beam, and a positive moment causes a beam to bend into a "happy face" shape with the moment acting out of the plane of the beam. When a beam bends under a constant moment, it deforms into a circular arc shape with compressive strain above the neutral axis and tensile strain below. The maximum bending stress occurs at the top or bottom of the beam and is calculated using the moment of inertia, distance from the neutral axis, and applied moment.

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34 views2 pages

Beam Bending and Stress Analysis

The document discusses bending in beams. It defines that a positive shear force acts upward on the right face of a beam, and a positive moment causes a beam to bend into a "happy face" shape with the moment acting out of the plane of the beam. When a beam bends under a constant moment, it deforms into a circular arc shape with compressive strain above the neutral axis and tensile strain below. The maximum bending stress occurs at the top or bottom of the beam and is calculated using the moment of inertia, distance from the neutral axis, and applied moment.

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adnandj
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

6b.

Bending

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6b. Bending in Beams

(SSES Ch. 6.1) Moment-Shear-Load Beam Bending Bending Stress

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Moment-Shear-Load Relations Consider the simply-supported beam subjected to distributed load q(x) at right. By isolating an element of length dx, and applying the equilibrium conditions, relations between moment, shear and distributed load can be derived:

Note the convention: A shear force is termed POSITIVE if in acts on a positive face in a positive direction (or on a negative face in a negative direction). A positive shear force on the right-face - the positive x-face - acts upward, in the positive y-direction. A positive moment causes a beam to bend into a "happy face"-shape. A moment is POSITIVE if it acts on a positive face about a positive axis (or a negative face about a negative axis). Here, the moment on the right face acts on the +x-face, about the +z-axis, which is out of the plane (screen, paper).

q(x) should be w(x) and constant over dx.

Beam Bending When a beam is subjected to pure bending (constant moment), it deforms in the manner shown at right. Viewed from the side, the deflection takes the form of a circular arc with a radius of curvature of R (measured to the neutral axis of the beam). The neutral axis is a line along the beam axis that does not change length and so has zero strain. From geometry, the strain in the beam must be:

For a positive moment, the strain above the neutral axis (y > 0), the strain is negative (compressive); For a positive moment:, the strain below the neutral axis the strain is positive (tensile). Kappa, k = 1/R is the Curvature.

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6b. Bending

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Bending Stress From Hooke's Law, the stress due to bending is related to the bending strain:

Applying the equilibrium conditions and making a couple of algebraic substitutions, the Bending Stress - a normal stress in the x-direction - is:

I is the moment of inertia (the second moment of area) of the beam cross-section; y is measured from the neutral axis which passes through the centroid of the crosssection; M is the moment acting on the beam cross-section.

The Maximum Bending Stress occurs at the top and/or bottom of the beam, where y = ymax = c. The magnitude of the maximum bending stress is:

Top Updated: 05/24/09 DJD

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