6/20/2013
Topics
Object-Oriented Concepts Java Program Structure
Review of Basic Concepts in Java
Introduction to Programming 2
Introduction to Programming 2
Object-Oriented Concepts
Object-Oriented Concepts
Object-Oriented Design
Object
Focuses on object and classes based on real world scenarios Emphasizes state, behavior and interaction of objects Advantages:
An entity that has a state, behavior and identity with a well-defined role in problem space An actual instance of a class Created every time you instantiate a class using the new keyword.
Faster development Increased quality Easier maintenance Enhanced modifiability Increase software reuse
Attribute
Data element of an object Stores information about the object A.K.A. Data member, instance variable, property, data field
Class
Allows you to define new data types Blueprint
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Object-Oriented Concepts
Object-Oriented Concepts
Method
Describes the behavior of an object Also called a function or a procedure
Encapsulation/abstraction
Principle of hiding design or implementation information not relevant to the current object
Constructor
Method-like For creating and initializing a new object Not members of an object
Introduction to Programming 2
Introduction to Programming 2
6/20/2013
Object-Oriented Concepts
Object-Oriented Concepts
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Relationship between classes wherein one class is the superclass or the parent class of another Refers to the properties and behaviors received from an ancestor Also know as a "is-a" relationship
"poly" means many while "morph" means form Ability of an object to assume many different forms
Interface
SuperHero
Contract in the form of a collection of method and constant declarations Implementing class promises to follow the contract.
FlyingSuperHero
UnderwaterSuperHero
Introduction to Programming 2
Introduction to Programming 2
Java Program Structure: Declaring Classes
Java Program Structure: Declaring Classes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Syntax
<modifier> class <name> { <attributeDeclaration>* <constructorDeclaration>* <methodDeclaration>* }
class SuperHero { String superPowers[]; void setSuperPowers(String superPowers[]) [Link] = superPowers; } void printSuperPowers() { for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) { [Link](superPowers[i]); } } }
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<classDeclaration> ::=
where
Modifier
9 10 11
Refers to an access modifier or other types of modifiers
Name
Is an identifier for the name of the class
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Java Program Structure: Declaring Attributes
Java Program Structure: Declaring Attributes
1 2 3 4
Syntax:
<modifier> <type> <name> [= <default_value>];
public class AttributeDemo { private String studNum; public boolean graduating = false; protected float unitsTaken = 0.0f; String college; }
<attributeDeclaration> ::=
<type> ::= byte | short | int | long | char | float | double boolean | <class> |
5 6
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Introduction to Programming 2
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Java Program Structure: Declaring Methods
Java Program Structure: Declaring Methods
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Syntax:
<modifier> <returnType> <name>(<parameter>*) { <statement>* }
class MethodDemo { int data; int getData() { return data; } void setData(int data) { [Link] = data; } void setMaxData(int data1, int data2) { data = (data1>data2)? data1 : data2; } }
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<methodDeclaration> ::=
<parameter> ::= <parameter_type> <parameter_name>[,]
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Java Program Structure: Declaring a Constructor
Java Program Structure: Declaring a Constructor
1 2 3 4 5 6
Syntax:
<modifier> <className> (<parameter>*) { <statement>* }
class ConstructorDemo { private int data; public ConstructorDemo() { data = 100; } ConstructorDemo(int data) { [Link] = data; } }
<constructorDeclaration> ::=
where
Modifier
7 8 9
Can be any access modifier but not other types of modifiers.
Default constructor
No arguments Empty body
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Java Program Structure: Instantiating a Class
Syntax:
Java Program Structure: Accessing Object Members
Dot notation:
<object>.<member>
new <constructorName>(<parameters>)
Example:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
class ConstructObj { int data; ConstructObj() { /* initialize data */ } public static void main(String args[]) { ConstructObj obj = new ConstructObj(); } }
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An example:
String myString = new String(My String); //Access length method [Link](Length: + [Link]()); Output: Length: 9
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Java Program Structure: Accessing Object Members
Java Program Structure: Accessing Object Members
1 2 3 4 5 6
class ConstructObj { int data; ConstructObj() { /* initialize data */ } void setData(int data) { [Link] = data; } public static void main(String args[]) { ConstructObj obj = new ConstructObj(); [Link](10); } }
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Another example
int intArr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; //Access length attribute [Link](Length: + [Link]); Output: Length: 5
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
//access setData()
[Link]([Link]); //access data
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14
Java Program Structure: Accessing Object Members
Output: 10
Java Program Structure: The Access Modifiers
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Java Program Structure: Encapsulation
Java Program Structure: Encapsulation
Hide members by making them private Example
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.}
What if I do not want to allow other classes to modify the value of secret? Answer: Make the setSecret() method private.
class Encapsulation { private int secret; public boolean setSecret(int secret) { if (secret < 1 || secret > 100) return false; [Link] = secret; return true; } public getSecret() { return secret; }
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Java Program Structure: Inheritance
Java Program Structure: Inheritance
[Link]
Creating a child class or a subclass:
[Link].*; Point {
Use extends in declaring the class Syntax:
[Link] 3. 4.
class <childClassName> extends <parentClassName>
int x; int y;
A class can only extend one parent class
5.}
[Link] 7. 8.}
ColoredPoint extends Point {
Color color;
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Java Program Structure: Overriding Methods
Java Program Structure: Overriding Methods
1. 2. 3.
Subclass defines a method whose signature is identical to a method in the superclass Signature of a method
class Superclass { void display(int n) { [Link]("super: " + n); } } class Subclass extends Superclass { void display(int k) { [Link]("sub: " + k); }
4. 5.
Information found in the method header definition
Return type Method name Parameter list of the method
6. 7. 8.
Different from method overloading!
9. 10.}
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11.//
continued...
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Java Program Structure: Overriding Methods
[Link] 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.}
Java Program Structure: Overriding Methods
Output: sub: 3 sub: 4
OverrideDemo { Subclass SubObj = new Subclass(); Superclass SuperObj = SubObj; [Link](3); ((Superclass)SubObj).display(4);
public static void main(String args[]) {
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Java Program Structure: Overriding Methods
Java Program Structure: Overriding Methods
1. 2. 3.
Version of method called
class Superclass { void overriddenMethod() { } } class Subclass1 extends Superclass { public void overriddenMethod() { } } class Subclass2 extends Superclass { void overriddenMethod() { }
Based on actual data type of the object that invoked the method
Access modifier for the methods need not be the same
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Access modifier of the overriding method
Same access modifier as that of the overridden method Less restrictive access modifier
10. 11. 12.} Introduction to Programming 2 33
13.//continued...
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Java Program Structure: Overriding Methods
14./* 15. 16. 17.}
class Superclass { void overriddenMethod() { } */ Subclass3 extends Superclass { protected void overriddenMethod() { } Subclass4 extends Superclass {
[Link] 19. 20. 21.} [Link] 23. 24. 25.}
private void overriddenMethod() { }
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