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The document discusses the structure and function of the mammalian heart. The heart has two sides separated by the septum, with the left side pumping oxygenated blood to the body and the right side pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The heart consists mainly of cardiac muscle and contains chambers, valves, arteries and veins that work together to circulate blood throughout the body.

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arefur rahman
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133 views1 page

IMG1

The document discusses the structure and function of the mammalian heart. The heart has two sides separated by the septum, with the left side pumping oxygenated blood to the body and the right side pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The heart consists mainly of cardiac muscle and contains chambers, valves, arteries and veins that work together to circulate blood throughout the body.

Uploaded by

arefur rahman
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BiologyNotes- ALev el

THE HEART {thepump)

The heatt'sfunction
is to pumpthebfoodarc'und thebody.The mammalian hearthasT\M3
sides.separatedbytheSEPTUI{. Thelefthandsidepumpsoxygenated bloodto a.lltheborly
exceptthe lungs.whilst
' - the right
' - - "r "' handsideyrumps
r- - r-- deorygenated
blssdto the lunr:1s.The , I
headcnnsistsmainlyof CAFDIAC IIUSCLEurhichcancnntract\,vitll-eullEcgrnllqlollqll*d
* LUrr+ rupcb
,lr l
I ca m l- ' r n o t' th 'vslves
seml-lunor a c* t t t I C ars C otl d,v c f
aorla
pulmonaryart€ry
tla-
rimn,'J.v+. L
anlerlor vena cdva J[ o,'}
,lo[lo.
pulrirom6ry
velns ^"*A
.;V
rE4 Lq)tn
*elt afilum
right atrluill dlrloventrlcular
valve
{blcusplrl}
alrloventflpulsr
(tilcusplruvalv€ letl veritricle
lntraventricular
s€pttJffi
posteriorvenSc&va

tendlnouschords The structureof


the heart (viewed
rightventricte from the front).

Bothsideso1theheafthavetwochsrnbers.

(a) Atria (atrium-singular)


receive blood from veins

(b) Ventricles- force blood out of the heartvia arteries

The rightatriutnreceivesdeorygenated blnodfronrthel:odyvia thesuperior an,1


inferiorVENA CAVAE.andforcesbloodintotherightventricle. ThispushestrloorJ
out of the heartto the lungs via the pulmonaql arteries. o4ygenatedbloocl
re-enlers theheadfromthelungs.via thepulmanaryveins, vrhich transportblond
ts the leftatrium.The leftatriumpasspsthe blsnd rnto the nruscular
leftventricle
whichfrrrcesthebloodaroundthebodrrviatheaorta.

V/ithinthe head there are valves which preventthe blord lrorn fh:wingin the wrorrql
directisn.There are tws Spes of valve:

[1] ATFIOVEHTRICUTAR VALVES{bicuspid and tricuspid) v,rhich stop


blood flowinginto the atriawhen the ventriclescontract.The valves
are preventedfromturninginsideoutby tendinous chords.

Compiledby KMR- SeniorBiologyTeacherESS

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