Java Math Class

Introduction

The Math class in Java provides static methods for various mathematical operations, including arithmetic, trigonometry, logarithms, and more. It is part of the java.lang package and cannot be instantiated.

Table of Contents

1. What is Math?
2. Common Methods
3. Examples of Math Methods
4. Conclusion

1. What is Math?

Math is a utility class that offers methods for mathematical functions, constants, and calculations.

2. Common Methods

• abs(double a): Returns the absolute value of a number.
• max(int a, int b): Returns the greater of two values.
• min(int a, int b): Returns the smaller of two values.
• pow(double a, double b): Returns the value of a raised to the power of b.
• sqrt(double a): Returns the square root of a number.
• cbrt(double a): Returns the cube root of a number.
• ceil(double a): Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a.
• floor(double a): Returns the largest integer less than or equal to a.
• round(double a): Returns the closest long to the argument.
• exp(double a): Returns e raised to the power of a.
• log(double a): Returns the natural logarithm of a number.
• log10(double a): Returns the base 10 logarithm of a number.
• sin(double a), cos(double a), tan(double a): Trigonometric functions.
• asin(double a), acos(double a), atan(double a): Inverse trigonometric functions.
• sinh(double a), cosh(double a), tanh(double a): Hyperbolic functions.
• random(): Returns a double value greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.
• toRadians(double angdeg): Converts an angle from degrees to radians.
• toDegrees(double angrad): Converts an angle from radians to degrees.

3. Examples of Math Methods

Example 1: Absolute Value

public class MathAbsExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = -10;
        System.out.println("Absolute value of " + a + " is: " + Math.abs(a));
    }
}

Output:

Absolute value of -10 is: 10

Example 2: Maximum and Minimum

public class MathMaxMinExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 5, b = 10;
        System.out.println("Max of " + a + " and " + b + ": " + Math.max(a, b));
        System.out.println("Min of " + a + " and " + b + ": " + Math.min(a, b));
    }
}

Output:

Max of 5 and 10: 10
Min of 5 and 10: 5

Example 3: Power and Square Root

public class MathPowSqrtExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double base = 2.0, exponent = 3.0;
        System.out.println(base + " raised to " + exponent + " is: " + Math.pow(base, exponent));
        System.out.println("Square root of " + base + " is: " + Math.sqrt(base));
    }
}

Output:

2.0 raised to 3.0 is: 8.0
Square root of 2.0 is: 1.4142135623730951

Example 4: Trigonometric Functions

public class MathTrigExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double angle = Math.PI / 2;
        System.out.println("Sin of PI/2: " + Math.sin(angle));
        System.out.println("Cos of PI/2: " + Math.cos(angle));
        System.out.println("Tan of PI/2: " + Math.tan(angle));
    }
}

Output:

Sin of PI/2: 1.0
Cos of PI/2: 6.123233995736766E-17
Tan of PI/2: 1.633123935319537E16

Example 5: Rounding Functions

public class MathRoundingExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double number = 2.7;
        System.out.println("Ceil of " + number + ": " + Math.ceil(number));
        System.out.println("Floor of " + number + ": " + Math.floor(number));
        System.out.println("Round of " + number + ": " + Math.round(number));
    }
}

Output:

Ceil of 2.7: 3.0
Floor of 2.7: 2.0
Round of 2.7: 3

Example 6: Random Number Generation

public class MathRandomExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double randomValue = Math.random();
        System.out.println("Random value: " + randomValue);
    }
}

Output:

Random value: 0.42756136439384396

4. Conclusion

The Math class in Java provides a wide range of methods for mathematical operations. It is a valuable utility for performing calculations, conversions, and more in Java programming.