{"id":591,"date":"2020-10-17T02:58:15","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T02:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/?page_id=591"},"modified":"2025-03-30T13:21:06","modified_gmt":"2025-03-30T13:21:06","slug":"python-set","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-set\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Set"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn about Python <code>Set<\/code> type and how to use it effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-the-python-set-type'>Introduction to the Python Set type <a href=\"#introduction-to-the-python-set-type\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-the-python-set-type\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to the Python Set type\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A Python set is an unordered list of immutable elements. It means:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elements in a set are unordered.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elements in a set are unique. A set doesn&#8217;t allow duplicate elements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elements in a set cannot be changed. For example, they can be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-numbers\/\">numbers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-string\/\">strings<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-tuples\/\">tuples<\/a>, but cannot be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-tuples\/\">lists<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-dictionary\/\">dictionaries<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To define a set in Python, you use the curly brace <code>{}<\/code>. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Databases'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Note a dictionary also uses curly braces, but its elements are key-value pairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To define an empty set, you cannot use the curly braces like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">empty_set = {}<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>&#8230;because it defines an empty dictionary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, you need to use the built-in <code>set()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">empty_set = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span>()<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>An empty set evaluates to False in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-boolean\/\">Boolean<\/a> context. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = set()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> not skills:\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Empty sets are falsy'<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0gc2V0KCkKCmlmIG5vdCBza2lsbHM6CiAgICBwcmludCgnRW1wdHkgc2V0cyBhcmUgZmFsc3knKQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">Empty<\/span> sets are falsy    <\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In fact, you can pass an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-iterables\/\">iterable<\/a> to the <code>set()<\/code> function to create a set. For example, you can pass a list, which is an iterable, to the <code>set()<\/code> function like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = set(&#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Critical Thinking'<\/span>])\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(skills)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0gc2V0KFsnUHJvYmxlbSBzb2x2aW5nJywnQ3JpdGljYWwgVGhpbmtpbmcnXSkKcHJpbnQoc2tpbGxzKQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">{<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Critical Thinking'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Note that the original order of elements may not be preserved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If an iterable has duplicate elements, the <code>set()<\/code> function will remove them. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">characters = set(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'letter'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(characters)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=Y2hhcmFjdGVycyA9IHNldCgnbGV0dGVyJykKcHJpbnQoY2hhcmFjdGVycyk%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">{<span class=\"hljs-string\">'r'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'l'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'t'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'e'<\/span>}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this example, the string <code>'letter'<\/code> has two e and t characters and the set() removes each of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='getting-sizes-of-a-set'>Getting sizes of a set <a href=\"#getting-sizes-of-a-set\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"getting-sizes-of-a-set\" title=\"Anchor for Getting sizes of a set\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To get the number of elements in a set, you use the built-in <code>len()<\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">len(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">ratings = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>}\nsize = len(ratings)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(size)    <\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=cmF0aW5ncyA9IHsxLCAyLCAzLCA0LCA1fQpzaXplID0gbGVuKHJhdGluZ3MpCgpwcmludChzaXplKQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">5<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='checking-if-an-element-is-in-a-set'>Checking if an element is in a set <a href=\"#checking-if-an-element-is-in-a-set\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"checking-if-an-element-is-in-a-set\" title=\"Anchor for Checking if an element is in a set\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To check if a set contains an element, you use the <code>in<\/code> operator:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">element <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>in<\/code> operator returns <code>True<\/code> if the set contains the element. Otherwise, it returns <code>False<\/code>. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">ratings = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>}\nrating = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> rating in ratings:\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(f<span class=\"hljs-string\">'The set contains {rating}'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=cmF0aW5ncyA9IHsxLCAyLCAzLCA0LCA1fQpyYXRpbmcgPSAxCgppZiByYXRpbmcgaW4gcmF0aW5nczoKICAgIHByaW50KGYnVGhlIHNldCBjb250YWlucyB7cmF0aW5nfScp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-13\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">The <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> contains 1<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-13\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>To negate the <code>in<\/code> operator, you use the <code>not<\/code> operator. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-14\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">ratings = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>}\nrating = <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> rating not in ratings:\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(f<span class=\"hljs-string\">'The set does not contain {rating}'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-14\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=cmF0aW5ncyA9IHsxLCAyLCAzLCA0LCA1fQpyYXRpbmcgPSA2CgppZiByYXRpbmcgbm90IGluIHJhdGluZ3M6CiAgICBwcmludChmJ1RoZSBzZXQgZG9lcyBub3QgY29udGFpbiB7cmF0aW5nfScp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-15\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">The <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> does not contain 6<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-15\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='adding-elements-to-a-set'>Adding elements to a set <a href=\"#adding-elements-to-a-set\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"adding-elements-to-a-set\" title=\"Anchor for Adding elements to a set\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To add an element to a set, you use the <code>add()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-16\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span>.add(element)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-16\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-17\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>}\nskills.add(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(skills)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-17\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQeXRob24gcHJvZ3JhbW1pbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJ30Kc2tpbGxzLmFkZCgnUHJvYmxlbSBzb2x2aW5nJykKCnByaW50KHNraWxscyk%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-18\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">{<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-18\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='removing-an-element-from-a-set'>Removing an element from a set <a href=\"#removing-an-element-from-a-set\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"removing-an-element-from-a-set\" title=\"Anchor for Removing an element from a set\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To remove an element from a set, you use the <code>remove()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-19\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span>.remove(element)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-19\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-20\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\nskills.remove(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(skills)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-20\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQcm9ibGVtIHNvbHZpbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJywgJ1B5dGhvbiBwcm9ncmFtbWluZyd9CnNraWxscy5yZW1vdmUoJ1NvZnR3YXJlIGRlc2lnbicpCgpwcmludChza2lsbHMp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-21\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">{<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-21\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>If you remove an element that doesn&#8217;t exist in a set, you&#8217;ll get an error (<code>KeyError<\/code>). For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-22\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\nskills.remove(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Java'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-22\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQcm9ibGVtIHNvbHZpbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJywgJ1B5dGhvbiBwcm9ncmFtbWluZyd9CnNraWxscy5yZW1vdmUoJ0phdmEnKQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Error:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-23\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">KeyError: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Java'<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-23\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>To avoid the error, you should use the <code>in<\/code> operator to check if an element is in the set before removing it:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-24\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Java'<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> skills:\n    skills.remove(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Java'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-24\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>To make it more convenient, the set has the <code>discard()<\/code> method that allows you to remove an element. And it doesn&#8217;t raise an error if the element is not in the list:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-25\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span>.discard(element)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-25\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-26\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\nskills.discard(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Java'<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(skills)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-26\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQcm9ibGVtIHNvbHZpbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJywgJ1B5dGhvbiBwcm9ncmFtbWluZyd9CnNraWxscy5kaXNjYXJkKCdKYXZhJykKCnByaW50KHNraWxscyk%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-27\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">{<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-27\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='returning-an-element-from-a-set'>Returning an element from a set <a href=\"#returning-an-element-from-a-set\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"returning-an-element-from-a-set\" title=\"Anchor for Returning an element from a set\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To remove and return an element from a set, you use the <code>pop()<\/code> method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the elements in a set have no specific order, the <code>pop()<\/code> method removes an unspecified element from a set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you execute the following code multiple times, it&#8217;ll show a different value each time:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-28\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\nskill = skills.pop()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(skill)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-28\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQcm9ibGVtIHNvbHZpbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJywgJ1B5dGhvbiBwcm9ncmFtbWluZyd9CnNraWxsID0gc2tpbGxzLnBvcCgpCgpwcmludChza2lsbCk%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">Problem solving<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='removing-all-elements-from-a-set'>Removing all elements from a set <a href=\"#removing-all-elements-from-a-set\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"removing-all-elements-from-a-set\" title=\"Anchor for Removing all elements from a set\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To remove all elements from a set, you use the <code>clear()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-29\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span>.clear()<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-29\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-30\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\nskills.clear()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(skills)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-30\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQcm9ibGVtIHNvbHZpbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJywgJ1B5dGhvbiBwcm9ncmFtbWluZyd9CnNraWxscy5jbGVhcigpCgpwcmludChza2lsbHMp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-31\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span>()\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-31\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='frozen-a-set'>Frozen a set <a href=\"#frozen-a-set\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"frozen-a-set\" title=\"Anchor for Frozen a set\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To make a set immutable, you use the built-in function called <code>frozenset()<\/code>. The <code>frozenset()<\/code> returns a new immutable set from an existing one. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-32\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\nskills = frozenset(skills)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-32\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>After that, if you attempt to modify elements of the set, you&#8217;ll get an error:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-33\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\nskills = frozenset(skills)\\\n\nskills.add(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Django'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-33\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQcm9ibGVtIHNvbHZpbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJywgJ1B5dGhvbiBwcm9ncmFtbWluZyd9CnNraWxscyA9IGZyb3plbnNldChza2lsbHMpCnNraWxscy5hZGQoJ0RqYW5nbycp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Error:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-34\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">AttributeError: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'frozenset'<\/span> object has no attribute <span class=\"hljs-string\">'add'<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-34\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='looping-through-set-elements'>Looping through set elements <a href=\"#looping-through-set-elements\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"looping-through-set-elements\" title=\"Anchor for Looping through set elements\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Since a set is an iterable, you can use a for loop to iterate over its elements. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-35\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> skill in skills:\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(skill)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-35\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQcm9ibGVtIHNvbHZpbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJywgJ1B5dGhvbiBwcm9ncmFtbWluZyd9Cgpmb3Igc2tpbGwgaW4gc2tpbGxzOgogICAgcHJpbnQoc2tpbGwp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">Software design\nPython programming\nProblem solving<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>To access the index of the current element inside the loop, you can use the built-in <code>enumerate()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-36\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> index, skill in enumerate(skills):\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(f<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"{index}.{skill}\"<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-36\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQcm9ibGVtIHNvbHZpbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJywgJ1B5dGhvbiBwcm9ncmFtbWluZyd9Cgpmb3IgaW5kZXgsIHNraWxsIGluIGVudW1lcmF0ZShza2lsbHMpOgogICAgcHJpbnQoZiJ7aW5kZXh9Lntza2lsbH0iKQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-37\" data-shcb-language-name=\"CSS\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"css\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-css\">0<span class=\"hljs-selector-class\">.Software<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">design<\/span>\n1<span class=\"hljs-selector-class\">.Python<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">programming<\/span>\n2<span class=\"hljs-selector-class\">.Problem<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">solving<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-37\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">CSS<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">css<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>By default, the index starts at zero. To change this, you pass the starting value to the second argument of the <code>enumerate()<\/code> function. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-38\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">skills = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Problem solving'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Software design'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Python programming'<\/span>}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> index, skill in enumerate(skills, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(f<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"{index}.{skill}\"<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-38\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/playground\/?q=c2tpbGxzID0geydQcm9ibGVtIHNvbHZpbmcnLCAnU29mdHdhcmUgZGVzaWduJywgJ1B5dGhvbiBwcm9ncmFtbWluZyd9Cgpmb3IgaW5kZXgsIHNraWxsIGluIGVudW1lcmF0ZShza2lsbHMsIDEpOgogICAgcHJpbnQoZiJ7aW5kZXh9Lntza2lsbH0iKQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-39\" data-shcb-language-name=\"CSS\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"css\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-css\">1<span class=\"hljs-selector-class\">.Python<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">programming<\/span>\n2<span class=\"hljs-selector-class\">.Problem<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">solving<\/span>\n3<span class=\"hljs-selector-class\">.Software<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">design<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-39\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">CSS<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">css<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Notice that every time you run the code, you&#8217;ll get the set elements in a different order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the next tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to perform useful operations on sets such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"menu-basics-set\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-set-union\/\">Union of Sets<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-set-intersection\/\">Intersection of Sets<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-set-difference\/\">Difference between Sets<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-symmetric-difference\/\">Symmetric Difference of Sets<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A set is an <strong>unordered <\/strong>collection of <strong>immutable elements<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='quiz'>Quiz <a href=\"#quiz\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"quiz\" title=\"Anchor for Quiz\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  name=\"quiz\"\n  src=\"\/quiz\/?quiz=set\"\n  height=\"700\"\n  width=\"600\"\n  class=\"iframe\"\n><\/iframe>\n\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"591\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/python-basics\/python-set\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"Python 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\/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn about Python Set type and how to use it effectively.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":37,"menu_order":40,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-591","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=591"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7067,"href":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/591\/revisions\/7067"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}