{"id":2515,"date":"2021-10-15T08:57:07","date_gmt":"2021-10-15T08:57:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/?page_id=2515"},"modified":"2022-08-05T03:55:53","modified_gmt":"2022-08-05T03:55:53","slug":"tkinter-matplotlib","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pythontutorial.net\/tkinter\/tkinter-matplotlib\/","title":{"rendered":"Tkinter Matplotlib"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you’ll learn how to display a graph from the Matplotlib library on a Tkinter application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Display a bar chart from matplotlib in Tkinter applications #<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Matplotlib is a third-party library for creating professional visualizations in Python. Since Matplotlib<\/a> is a third-party library, you need to install it before use. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To install the matplotlib package, you can use the following pip<\/code> command:<\/p>\n\n\n

pip install matplotlib<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
The following program uses the matplotlib<\/code> to create a bar chart that shows the top five programming languages by popularity.<\/p>\n\n\n
import<\/span> tkinter as<\/span> tk\nimport<\/span> matplotlib\n\nmatplotlib.use('TkAgg'<\/span>)\n\nfrom<\/span> matplotlib.figure import<\/span> Figure\nfrom<\/span> matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import<\/span> (\n    FigureCanvasTkAgg,\n    NavigationToolbar2Tk\n)\n\n\nclass<\/span> App<\/span>(tk.Tk)<\/span>:<\/span>\n    def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(self)<\/span>:<\/span>\n        super().__init__()\n\n        self.title('Tkinter Matplotlib Demo'<\/span>)\n\n        # prepare data<\/span>\n        data = {\n            'Python'<\/span>: 11.27<\/span>,\n            'C'<\/span>: 11.16<\/span>,\n            'Java'<\/span>: 10.46<\/span>,\n            'C++'<\/span>: 7.5<\/span>,\n            'C#'<\/span>: 5.26<\/span>\n        }\n        languages = data.keys()\n        popularity = data.values()\n\n        # create a figure<\/span>\n        figure = Figure(figsize=(6<\/span>, 4<\/span>), dpi=100<\/span>)\n\n        # create FigureCanvasTkAgg object<\/span>\n        figure_canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(figure, self)\n\n        # create the toolbar<\/span>\n        NavigationToolbar2Tk(figure_canvas, self)\n\n        # create axes<\/span>\n        axes = figure.add_subplot()\n\n        # create the barchart<\/span>\n        axes.bar(languages, popularity)\n        axes.set_title('Top 5 Programming Languages'<\/span>)\n        axes.set_ylabel('Popularity'<\/span>)\n\n        figure_canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1<\/span>)\n\n\nif<\/span> __name__ == '__main__'<\/span>:\n    app = App()\n    app.mainloop()<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Tkinter<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
How it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
First, import the matplotlib<\/code> module<\/p>\n\n\n
import<\/span> matplotlib<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
and call the use()<\/code> function to tell which backend the matplotlib<\/code> will use:<\/p>\n\n\n
matplotlib.use('TkAgg'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
In this case, we use TkAgg<\/code> backend, which is made to integrate into Tkinter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Second, import the following Figure<\/code>, FigureCanvasTkAgg<\/code>, and NavigationToolbar2Tk<\/code> classes:<\/p>\n\n\n
from<\/span> matplotlib.figure import<\/span> Figure\nfrom<\/span> matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import<\/span> (\n    FigureCanvasTkAgg,\n    NavigationToolbar2Tk\n)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
The Figure<\/code> class represents the drawing area on which matplotlib<\/code> charts will be drawn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The FigureCanvasTkAgg<\/code> class is an interface between the Figure<\/code> and Tkinter Canvas<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The NavigationToolbar2Tk<\/code> is a built-in toolbar for the figure on the graph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Third, prepare the data for showing on the bar chart:<\/p>\n\n\n
data = {\n    'Python'<\/span>: 11.27<\/span>,\n    'C'<\/span>: 11.16<\/span>,\n    'Java'<\/span>: 10.46<\/span>,\n    'C++'<\/span>: 7.5<\/span>,\n    'C#'<\/span>: 5.26<\/span>\n}\nlanguages = data.keys()\npopularity = data.values()<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
The data is a dictionary with the keys are the programming languages and values are their popularity in percentage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fourth, create a Figure<\/code> to hold the chart:<\/p>\n\n\n
figure = Figure(figsize=(6<\/span>, 4<\/span>), dpi=100<\/span>)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
The Figure<\/code> object takes two arguments: size in inches and dots per inch (dpi). In this example, it creates a 600×400 pixel figure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fifth, create a FigureCanvasTkAgg<\/code> object that connects the Figure<\/code> object with a Tkinter’s Canvas<\/code> object:<\/p>\n\n\n
figure_canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(figure, self)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
Note that the FigureCanvasTkAgg<\/code> object is not a Canvas<\/code> object but contains a Canvas<\/code> object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sixth, create a matplotlib<\/code>‘s built-in toolbar:<\/p>\n\n\n
NavigationToolbar2Tk(figure_canvas, self)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
Seventh, add a subplot to the figure and return the axes of the subplot:<\/p>\n\n\n
axes = figure.add_subplot()<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
Eighth, create a bar chart by calling the bar()<\/code> method of the axes and passing the languages and popularity into it. Also, set the title and the label of the y-axis:<\/p>\n\n\n
axes.bar(languages, popularity)\naxes.set_title('Top 5 Programming Languages'<\/span>)\naxes.set_ylabel('Popularity'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
Finally, place the chart on the Tkinter’s root window<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n
figure_canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1<\/span>)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> Python<\/span> (<\/span>python<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
Summary #<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
  • Use matplotlib<\/code> library to create professional-quality visualization in the Tkinter application.<\/li><\/ul>\n
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