{"id":2188,"date":"2021-07-08T08:53:09","date_gmt":"2021-07-08T08:53:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phptutorial.net\/?page_id=2188"},"modified":"2021-07-08T08:53:48","modified_gmt":"2021-07-08T08:53:48","slug":"pdo-like","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.phptutorial.net\/php-pdo\/pdo-like\/","title":{"rendered":"PDO LIKE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to use PDO to execute a query with the <code>LIKE<\/code> operator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-the-sql-like-operator'>Introduction to the SQL LIKE operator <a href=\"#introduction-to-the-sql-like-operator\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-the-sql-like-operator\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to the SQL LIKE operator\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>LIKE<\/code> operator returns <code>true<\/code> if a character string matches a specified pattern. Typically, a pattern includes wildcard characters like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><code>%<\/code> matches any string of zero or more character<\/li><li><code>_<\/code> matches any single character.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the %er% will match any string that contains the string <code>er<\/code>, e.g., <code>peter<\/code>, <code>understand<\/code>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typically, you use the <code>LIKE<\/code> operator in the <code>WHERE<\/code> clause of the <code>SELECT<\/code>, <code>UPDATE<\/code>, and <code>DELETE<\/code> statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='execute-a-query-that-contains-the-like-operator-in-pdo'>Execute a query that contains the LIKE operator in PDO <a href=\"#execute-a-query-that-contains-the-like-operator-in-pdo\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"execute-a-query-that-contains-the-like-operator-in-pdo\" title=\"Anchor for Execute a query that contains the LIKE operator in PDO\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To execute a query that contains a <code>LIKE<\/code> operator in PDO, you need to construct the pattern upfront.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, to select the book with titles that contain the string &#8216;es, you first construct a <code>SELECT<\/code> statement like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">$sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'SELECT book_id, title \n        FROM books \n        WHERE title LIKE :pattern'<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>And then bind the string <code>'%es%'<\/code> to the prepared statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example illustrates how to execute a query that includes the LIKE operator:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-meta\">&lt;?php<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/**\n* Find books by title based on a pattern\n*\/<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">function<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">find_book_by_title<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(\\PDO $pdo, string $keyword)<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-title\">array<\/span>\n<\/span>{\n    $pattern = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'%'<\/span> . $keyword . <span class=\"hljs-string\">'%'<\/span>;\n\n    $sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'SELECT book_id, title \n        FROM books \n        WHERE title LIKE :pattern'<\/span>;\n\n    $statement = $pdo-&gt;prepare($sql);\n    $statement-&gt;execute(&#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">':pattern'<\/span> =&gt; $pattern]);\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>  $statement-&gt;fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);\n}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ connect to the database<\/span>\n$pdo = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">require<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'connect.php'<\/span>;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ find books with the title matches 'es'<\/span>\n$books = find_book_by_title($pdo, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'es'<\/span>);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">foreach<\/span> ($books <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> $book) {\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">echo<\/span> $book&#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">'title'<\/span>] . <span class=\"hljs-string\">'&lt;br&gt;'<\/span>;\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The function <code>find_book_by_title()<\/code> returns the books with the title that matches with the <code>$keyword<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, make the pattern by adding the wildcard characters to the beginning and end of the <code>$keyword<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">$pattern = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'%'<\/span> . $keyword . <span class=\"hljs-string\">'%'<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Second, construct an SQL statement that contains a <code>LIKE<\/code> operator in the <code>WHERE<\/code> clause:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">$sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'SELECT book_id, title \n        FROM books \n        WHERE title LIKE :pattern'<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Third, create a prepared statement:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">$statement = $pdo-&gt;prepare($sql);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>After that, execute the statement with the value that comes from the pattern:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">$statement-&gt;execute(&#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">':pattern'<\/span> =&gt; $pattern]);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Finally, return all rows from the result set by using the <code>fetchAll()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span>  $statement-&gt;fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following code find books with the title contains the keyword <code>'es'<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ connect to the database<\/span>\n$pdo = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">require<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'connect.php'<\/span>;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ find books with the title matches 'es'<\/span>\n$books = find_book_by_title($pdo, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'es'<\/span>);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">foreach<\/span> ($books <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> $book) {\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">echo<\/span> $book&#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">'title'<\/span>] . <span class=\"hljs-string\">'&lt;br&gt;'<\/span>;\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">Marcus Makes a Movie\nBox of Butterflies<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Construct a pattern before passing it to a prepared statement that includes the <code>LIKE<\/code> operator.<\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Did you find this tutorial useful?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"2188\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.phptutorial.net\/php-pdo\/pdo-like\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"PDO LIKE\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block w-full h-full\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\"> Yes 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