{"id":81,"date":"2024-11-18T21:44:58","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T14:44:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/?page_id=81"},"modified":"2025-01-22T09:41:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T02:41:43","slug":"postgresql-create-table","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-create-table\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL CREATE TABLE: Creating a new Table"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to design database tables and use the PostgreSQL <code>CREATE TABLE<\/code> statement to create a new table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='designing-tables'>Designing tables <a href=\"#designing-tables\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"designing-tables\" title=\"Anchor for Designing tables\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A PostgreSQL database consists of a collection of related tables. Before creating a table in PostgreSQL, you need to answer three most important questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What kind of information are you going to store in the table?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What properties does this information have?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What type of data does each of those properties contain?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose you want to manage product inventory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Product name<\/th><th>Brand<\/th><th>Quantity<\/th><th>Price<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>iPhone 14<\/td><td>Apple<\/td><td>50<\/td><td>999.99<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Galaxy S22<\/td><td>Samsung<\/td><td>40<\/td><td>899.99<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Galaxy Tab A8<\/td><td>Samsung<\/td><td>30<\/td><td>229.99<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pixel Slate<\/td><td>Google<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>799.99<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&#8230;<\/td><td>&#8230;<\/td><td>&#8230;<\/td><td>&#8230;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To do that you can answer these three questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) What kind of information are you going to store?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We are going to store a list of product inventory. To do that we&#8217;ll create a table called <code>inventories<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) What properties does this information have?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each inventory record has the following information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>product name<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>brand<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>quantity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>price<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>So the <code>inventories<\/code> table will have four columns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>name<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>brand<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>quantity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>price<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3) What type of data does each of those properties contain?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each table column stores a specific type of data:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <code>name<\/code> column stores product names like <code>iPhone<\/code>, <code>Galaxy<\/code>, etc. They are strings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The brand column stores brands like <code>Apple<\/code> amd <code>Samsung<\/code>, etc. These brands are also strings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The quantity column store product quantity such as 10, 21, 30. These quantities are integers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>price<\/code> column stores product prices like <code>899.99<\/code> and <code>299.99<\/code>. The product prices are decimal numbers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the summary of the <code>inventories<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Column Name<\/th><th>Data Type<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>name<\/td><td>string<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>brand<\/td><td>string<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>quantity<\/td><td>integer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>price<\/td><td>decimal<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='create-table-statement'>Create table statement <a href=\"#create-table-statement\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"create-table-statement\" title=\"Anchor for Create table statement\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In PostgreSQL, the <code>CREATE TABLE<\/code> statement allows you to create a new table in a database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the basic syntax of the <code>CREATE TABLE<\/code> statement:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">table_name<\/span> (\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0column_name1 data_type,\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0column_name2 data_type\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0...\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>CREATE TABLE<\/code> are keywords that instructs PostgreSQL to create a new table in the database. Keywords can be lower or uppercase. By convention, keywords are uppercase to make them stand out of the statement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>table_name<\/code> is an identifier that specifies the name of the table.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By convention, in PostgreSQL, table names use snake case and plural nouns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Snake case is a naming convention you write all letters in lowercase and replace each letter with an underscore. For example, <code>products<\/code>, <code>brands<\/code>, and <code>product_categories<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plural form:  table names are plural nouns like <code>products<\/code> and <code>brands<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>After the <code>CREATE TABLE table_names<\/code> clause, you specify a list of columns within the parentheses <code>()<\/code>, each separated by a comma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s basic syntax for defining a column:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">column_name data_type<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax, you specify the column name and and its data type. By convention, column names also use snake case. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the following <code>CREATE TABLE<\/code> statement creates a new table in the PostgreSQL database:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> inventories (\n  <span class=\"hljs-type\">name<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-type\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">255<\/span>),\n  brand <span class=\"hljs-type\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">50<\/span>),\n  quantity <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span>,\n  price <span class=\"hljs-type\">DECIMAL<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">19<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>)\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"sql\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?db=blank&amp;q=Q1JFQVRFIFRBQkxFIGludmVudG9yaWVzICggbmFtZSBWQVJDSEFSKDI1NSksIGJyYW5kIFZBUkNIQVIoNTApLCBxdWFudGl0eSBJTlQsIHByaWNlIERFQ0lNQUwoMTksIDIpICk7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this <code>inventories<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <code>name<\/code> and <code>brand<\/code> columns have the data type of <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-varchar\/\">VARCHAR<\/a><\/code>, which is variable-length character. The <code>length<\/code> specifiers <code>255<\/code> and <code>50<\/code> specifies the maximum length the columns can store. For example, if you attempt to insert a name that have more than <code>255<\/code> characters, you&#8217;ll encounter an error.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>quantity<\/code> column has the type of <code>INT<\/code> or integer. Its range is from <code>-2,147,483,648<\/code> to <code>+2,147,483,647<\/code>. If you put a value out of this range, you&#8217;ll get an error.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>price<\/code> column has the <code>DEC(19,2)<\/code> type. It can store up to a decimal with 19 digits, up to 17 digits before decimal point and 2 digits after the decimal point.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The following table shows the mapping of the column data type in the table design with PostgreSQL&#8217;s data types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Column<\/th><th>Data Type<\/th><th>PostgreSQL data type<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>name<\/td><td>string<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-varchar\/\">VARCHAR<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>brand<\/td><td>string<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-varchar\/\">VARCHAR<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>quantity<\/td><td>integer<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-integer\/\">INTEGER<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>price<\/td><td>decimal<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-decimal\/\">DEC(19, 2)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A database consists of a collection of tables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A table stores a list of records.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Table names are plural nouns and use snake case.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the PostgreSQL <code>CREATE TABLE<\/code> statement to create a new table in the database.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='quiz'>Quiz <a href=\"#quiz\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"quiz\" title=\"Anchor for Quiz\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n      src=\"\/quiz\/?quiz=create-table\"\n      height=\"800\"\n      width=\"600\"\n      class=\"iframe\"\n    ><\/iframe>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div 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