{"id":571,"date":"2024-12-02T17:05:53","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T10:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/?page_id=571"},"modified":"2025-01-02T19:45:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T12:45:19","slug":"postgresql-cte","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-cte\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL CTE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the PostgreSQL Common Table Expression (CTE) to query data from the database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='getting-started-with-postgresql-cte'>Getting Started with PostgreSQL CTE <a href=\"#getting-started-with-postgresql-cte\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"getting-started-with-postgresql-cte\" title=\"Anchor for Getting Started with PostgreSQL CTE\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>CTE stands for <strong>c<\/strong>ommon <strong>t<\/strong>able <strong>e<\/strong>xpression. PostgreSQL CTE provides a way to define a <em>temporary table<\/em> that can be referenced within a <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-select\/\">SELECT<\/a><\/code>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-insert\/\">INSERT<\/a><\/code>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-update\/\">UPDATE<\/a><\/code>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-delete\/\">DELETE<\/a><\/code>, and <code>MERGE<\/code> statements. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax for defining a CTE:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WITH<\/span> cte_name(column_list) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> (\n   <span class=\"hljs-comment\">-- CTE query<\/span>\n\u00a0 \u00a0<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> ...\n)\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-- Main query<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> select_list\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> cte_name;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <code>WITH<\/code> keyword defines a common table expression( CTE). You can think of a CTE as a <em>temporary table<\/em> within the query.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>cte_name<\/code> is the name you assign to the CTE. Later, you can reference the <code>cte_name<\/code> in the main query as a regular table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>column_list<\/code> is an optional common-separated list of columns of the CTE. If you don&#8217;t specify the <code>column_list<\/code>, the CTE will use the columns returned from the CTE Query.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The CTE Query is a statement that defines the CTE&#8217;s structure. It can be any statement that returns a result set including <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-select\/\">SELECT<\/a><\/code>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-insert\/\">INSERT<\/a><\/code>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-update\/\">UPDATE<\/a><\/code>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-delete\/\">DELETE<\/a><\/code>, or <code>MERGE<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Main Query is a statement that uses the CTE by referencing the <code>cte_name<\/code>. The main query can be a <code>SELECT<\/code>, <code>INSERT<\/code>, <code>UPDATE<\/code>, <code>DELETE<\/code>, or <code>MERGE<\/code>statement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='basic-postgresql-cte-example'>Basic PostgreSQL CTE example <a href=\"#basic-postgresql-cte-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"basic-postgresql-cte-example\" title=\"Anchor for Basic PostgreSQL CTE example\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses a CTE to calculate the maximum inventory value across all warehouses:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WITH<\/span> warehouse_inventories (warehouse_name, amount) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n      warehouse_name,\n      SUM(quantity * price)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n      inventories\n      <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INNER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">JOIN<\/span> products <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">USING<\/span> (product_id)\n      <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INNER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">JOIN<\/span> warehouses <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">USING<\/span> (warehouse_id)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n      warehouse_name\n)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  MAX(amount)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  warehouse_inventories;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=V0lUSCB3YXJlaG91c2VfaW52ZW50b3JpZXMgKHdhcmVob3VzZV9uYW1lLCBhbW91bnQpIEFTICggU0VMRUNUIHdhcmVob3VzZV9uYW1lLCBTVU0ocXVhbnRpdHkgKiBwcmljZSkgRlJPTSBpbnZlbnRvcmllcyBJTk5FUiBKT0lOIHByb2R1Y3RzIFVTSU5HIChwcm9kdWN0X2lkKSBJTk5FUiBKT0lOIHdhcmVob3VzZXMgVVNJTkcgKHdhcmVob3VzZV9pZCkgR1JPVVAgQlkgd2FyZWhvdXNlX25hbWUgKSBTRUxFQ1QgTUFYKGFtb3VudCkgRlJPTSB3YXJlaG91c2VfaW52ZW50b3JpZXM7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">    max\n------------\n 2419483.10<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, define a CTE called <code>warehouse_inventories<\/code> with two columns: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>warehouse_name<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>amount<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In the CTE query, retrieve the total inventory per warehouse from the three tables <code>inventories<\/code>, <code>products<\/code>, and <code>warehouses<\/code> using <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-inner-join\/\">INNER JOIN<\/a><\/code> and <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-group-by\/\">GROUP BY<\/a><\/code> clauses:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  warehouse_name,\n  SUM(quantity * price)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  inventories\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INNER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">JOIN<\/span> products <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">USING<\/span> (product_id)\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INNER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">JOIN<\/span> warehouses <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">USING<\/span> (warehouse_id)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  warehouse_name;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIHdhcmVob3VzZV9uYW1lLCBTVU0ocXVhbnRpdHkgKiBwcmljZSkgRlJPTSBpbnZlbnRvcmllcyBJTk5FUiBKT0lOIHByb2R1Y3RzIFVTSU5HIChwcm9kdWN0X2lkKSBJTk5FUiBKT0lOIHdhcmVob3VzZXMgVVNJTkcgKHdhcmVob3VzZV9pZCkgR1JPVVAgQlkgd2FyZWhvdXNlX25hbWU7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">     warehouse_name      |    sum\n-------------------------+------------\n San Francisco Warehouse | 2419483.10\n Los Angeles Warehouse   | 2379982.20\n San Jose Warehouse      | 2044481.10<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Second, retrieve the max value from the <code>warehouse_inventories<\/code> in the main query:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  MAX(amount)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  warehouse_inventories;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='postgresql-cte-with-delete-statement-example'>PostgreSQL CTE with DELETE statement example <a href=\"#postgresql-cte-with-delete-statement-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"postgresql-cte-with-delete-statement-example\" title=\"Anchor for PostgreSQL CTE with DELETE statement example\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-create-table\/\">create a table<\/a> called <code>product_logs<\/code> for storing deleted products:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> product_logs (\n  id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GENERATED<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALWAYS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IDENTITY<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span>,\n  product_id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>,\n  product_name <span class=\"hljs-type\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>,\n  price <span class=\"hljs-type\">DECIMAL<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>),\n  brand_id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>,\n  category_id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>,\n  deleted_at <span class=\"hljs-type\">TIMESTAMP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DEFAULT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP<\/span>\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=Q1JFQVRFIFRBQkxFIHByb2R1Y3RfbG9ncyAoIGlkIElOVCBHRU5FUkFURUQgQUxXQVlTIEFTIElERU5USVRZIFBSSU1BUlkgS0VZLCBwcm9kdWN0X2lkIElOVCBOT1QgTlVMTCwgcHJvZHVjdF9uYW1lIFZBUkNIQVIoMTAwKSBOT1QgTlVMTCwgcHJpY2UgREVDSU1BTCgxMSwgMiksIGJyYW5kX2lkIElOVCBOT1QgTlVMTCwgY2F0ZWdvcnlfaWQgSU5UIE5PVCBOVUxMLCBkZWxldGVkX2F0IFRJTUVTVEFNUCBERUZBVUxUIENVUlJFTlRfVElNRVNUQU1QICk7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, use a CTE to delete products with id less than or equal 3 and insert these deleted products into the <code>product_logs<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WITH<\/span> deleted_products <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DELETE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> products\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> product_id &lt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNING<\/span> *\n)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span>\n  product_logs (product_id, product_name, price,  brand_id, category_id)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  product_id, product_name, price, brand_id, category_id \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  deleted_products;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=V0lUSCBkZWxldGVkX3Byb2R1Y3RzIEFTICggREVMRVRFIEZST00gcHJvZHVjdHMgV0hFUkUgcHJvZHVjdF9pZCA8PSAzIFJFVFVSTklORyAqICkgSU5TRVJUIElOVE8gcHJvZHVjdF9sb2dzIChwcm9kdWN0X2lkLCBwcm9kdWN0X25hbWUsIHByaWNlLCBicmFuZF9pZCwgY2F0ZWdvcnlfaWQpIFNFTEVDVCBwcm9kdWN0X2lkLCBwcm9kdWN0X25hbWUsIHByaWNlLCBicmFuZF9pZCwgY2F0ZWdvcnlfaWQgRlJPTSBkZWxldGVkX3Byb2R1Y3RzOw%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, retrieve data from the <code>product_logs<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> * <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> product_logs;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUICogRlJPTSBwcm9kdWN0X2xvZ3M7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">id | product_id  |    product_name    |  price  | brand_id | category_id |         deleted_at\n----+------------+--------------------+---------+----------+-------------+----------------------------\n  1 |          1 | Samsung Galaxy S24 |  999.99 |        1 |           1 | 2024-12-02 16:57:20.060067\n  2 |          2 | Apple iPhone 15    | 1099.99 |        2 |           1 | 2024-12-02 16:57:20.060067\n  3 |          3 | Huawei Mate 60     |  899.99 |        3 |           1 | 2024-12-02 16:57:20.060067<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>WITH<\/code> statement to define a CTE or a temporary table name within a query.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use PostgreSQL CTE to simplify complex queries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='quiz'>Quiz <a href=\"#quiz\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"quiz\" title=\"Anchor for Quiz\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  name=\"quiz\"\n  src=\"\/quiz\/?quiz=cte\"\n  height=\"700\"\n  width=\"600\"\n  class=\"iframe\"\n><\/iframe>\n\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"571\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-cte\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"PostgreSQL CTE\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 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database. Getting Started with PostgreSQL CTE # CTE stands for common table expression. PostgreSQL CTE provides a way to define a temporary table that can be referenced within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":13,"menu_order":55,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-571","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL CTE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this tutorial, you will learn how to use the PostgreSQL Common Table Expression (CTE) to query data from the database.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-cte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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