{"id":2432,"date":"2025-03-13T09:34:54","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T02:34:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/?page_id=2432"},"modified":"2025-03-13T09:49:08","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T02:49:08","slug":"postgresql-password-file","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-database-administration\/postgresql-password-file\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL Password File"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: In this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to create a PostgreSQL password file to store passwords securely and automatically connect to a PostgreSQL server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"postgresql-password-file-overview\" id='postgresql-password-file-overview'>PostgreSQL Password File Overview <a href=\"#postgresql-password-file-overview\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"postgresql-password-file-overview\" title=\"Anchor for PostgreSQL Password File Overview\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To connect to a PostgreSQL server, you need to provide a username (role) and password.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can use a password file to save time typing a password every time you connect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A PostgreSQL password file allows you to store connection parameters securely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The password file can help automate a backup script that uses&nbsp;<code>pg_dump<\/code>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<code>pg_dumpall<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Technically, a password file is a plain text file that includes one or more lines in the following format:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">hostname:port:database:username:password<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>hostname<\/strong>: The PostgreSQL server hostname.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>port<\/strong>: The port on which the PostgreSQL server is listening.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>database<\/strong>: The database you want to connect to.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>username<\/strong>: The username (or role) you want to use to connect to the database.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>password<\/strong>: The password of the role.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Each line in the&nbsp;<code>.pgpass<\/code>&nbsp;file represents information about a connection to a PostgreSQL database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can use an asterisk (<code>*<\/code>) for a value to match any value. The&nbsp;<code>psql<\/code>&nbsp;reads the password file from top to bottom and uses the first matching line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this reason, you need to use the lines with more specific information followed by lines with more general information to achieve the desired behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"creating-a-postgresql-password-file-on-windows\" id='creating-a-postgresql-password-file-on-windows'>Creating a PostgreSQL Password File on Windows <a href=\"#creating-a-postgresql-password-file-on-windows\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"creating-a-postgresql-password-file-on-windows\" title=\"Anchor for Creating a PostgreSQL Password File on Windows\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PostgreSQL stores the password as&nbsp;<code>pgpass.conf<\/code>&nbsp;in the directory&nbsp;<code>%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\<\/code>&nbsp;on Windows. The&nbsp;<code>%APPDATA%<\/code>&nbsp;is the application data subdirectory in the path. For example, on Windows 11 the&nbsp;<code>%APPDATA%<\/code>&nbsp;is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">C:\\Users\\&lt;YourUsername&gt;\\AppData\\Roaming\\postgresql<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>You can store the password file in another directory by setting the&nbsp;<code>PGPASSFILE<\/code>&nbsp;environment variable to the password file path.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 1<\/strong>. Open a plain text editor (Notepad).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 2<\/strong>. Enter the connection information for your PostgreSQL database in the above format. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">localhost:5432:*:postgres:securepassword<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Replace the information, including host, port, username, and password, with yours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 3<\/strong>. Save the file with the name&nbsp;<code>pgpass.conf<\/code>&nbsp;in the following path:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">C:\\Users\\&lt;YourUsername&gt;\\AppData\\Roaming\\postgresql\\pgpass.conf<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Replace&nbsp;<code>&lt;YourUsername&gt;<\/code>&nbsp;with your username on Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 4<\/strong>. Open the Command Prompt and execute the&nbsp;<code>psql<\/code>&nbsp;command:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Shell Session\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"shell\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-shell\">psql<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Shell Session<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">shell<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>You should be able to connect to the PostgreSQL database automatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"creating-a-postgresql-password-file-on-linux\" id='creating-a-postgresql-password-file-on-linux'>Creating a PostgreSQL Password File on Linux <a href=\"#creating-a-postgresql-password-file-on-linux\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"creating-a-postgresql-password-file-on-linux\" title=\"Anchor for Creating a PostgreSQL Password File on Linux\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 1<\/strong>. Open a terminal and use a text editor like Vi, or Nano to create a&nbsp;<code>.pgpass<\/code>&nbsp;file:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Shell Session\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"shell\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-shell\">nano ~\/.pgpass<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Shell Session<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">shell<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 2<\/strong>. Enter the connection information for your PostgreSQL database:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">localhost:5432:*:postgres:securepassword<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 3<\/strong>. Save the file and exit. 4. Grant proper permission on the&nbsp;<code>.pgpass<\/code>&nbsp;file:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Shell Session\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"shell\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-shell\">chmod 600 ~\/.pgpass<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Shell Session<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">shell<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 4<\/strong>. Run the&nbsp;<code>psql<\/code>&nbsp;command to automatically connect to the PostgreSQL database stored in the password file:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Shell Session\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"shell\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-shell\">psql<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Shell Session<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">shell<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"summary\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use a PostgreSQL password file (<code>pgpass.conf<\/code>&nbsp;on Windows and&nbsp;<code>.pgpass<\/code>&nbsp;on Linux) to store connection information securely and connect to PostgreSQL databases automatically.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"2432\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-database-administration\/postgresql-password-file\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"PostgreSQL Password File\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block w-full h-full\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\"> Yes <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"2432\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-database-administration\/postgresql-password-file\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"PostgreSQL Password File\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-no-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17\"\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\"> No <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/header>\n\n\t<div class=\"wth-form hidden\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-form-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wth-title\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<textarea class=\"wth-message\"><\/textarea>\n\n\t\t\t<button class=\"btn btn-primary wth-btn-submit\">Send<\/button>\n\t\t\t<button class=\"btn wth-btn-cancel\">Cancel<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary: In this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to create a PostgreSQL password file to store passwords securely and automatically connect to a PostgreSQL server. PostgreSQL Password File Overview # To connect to a PostgreSQL server, you need to provide a username (role) and password. You can use a password file to save time typing a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2269,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2432","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL Password File<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"You&#039;ll learn how to create a PostgreSQL password file to store passwords securely and automatically connect to a PostgreSQL server.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-database-administration\/postgresql-password-file\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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