{"id":2357,"date":"2025-03-09T20:14:02","date_gmt":"2025-03-09T13:14:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/?page_id=2357"},"modified":"2025-03-09T20:14:53","modified_gmt":"2025-03-09T13:14:53","slug":"postgresql-tablespaces","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-database-administration\/postgresql-tablespaces\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL Tablespaces"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: In this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn about PostgreSQL tablespaces and how to create and use tablespaces to store database objects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction-to-postgresql-tablespaces\" id='introduction-to-postgresql-tablespaces'>Introduction to PostgreSQL tablespaces <a href=\"#introduction-to-postgresql-tablespaces\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-postgresql-tablespaces\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to PostgreSQL tablespaces\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A tablespace is a storage location on a disk where PostgreSQL stores database objects such as tables and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-index\/\">indexes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By default, PostgreSQL stores all database objects in the <strong>default tablespaces<\/strong>. However, you can create tablespaces to optimize performance and efficiently manage disk usage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"creating-tablespaces\" id='creating-tablespaces'>Creating tablespaces <a href=\"#creating-tablespaces\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"creating-tablespaces\" title=\"Anchor for Creating tablespaces\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To create a new tablespace, you use the&nbsp;<code>CREATE TABLESPACE<\/code>&nbsp;statement with the following syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLESPACE<\/span> tablespace_name\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OWNER<\/span> role_name\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LOCATION<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'path_to_directory'<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fisst, specify the name of the tablespace in the&nbsp;<code>CREATE TABLESPACE<\/code>&nbsp;clause.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, provide the name of the owner of the tablespace. If you don&#8217;t, PostgreSQL will assign the current role as the owner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third, specify the directory path where PostgreSQL stores this tablespace&#8217;s database objects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s important to note two points:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The directory of the tablespace must exist and PostgreSQL must be the owner of that directory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PostgreSQL must have read and write access to the directory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll create a new tablespace called&nbsp;<code>pg_tablespace<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-1-create-a-directory-for-the-tablespace-and-change-the-owner-to-postgres\" id='step-1-create-a-directory-for-the-tablespace-and-change-the-owner-to-postgres'>Step 1. Create a directory for the tablespace and change the owner to postgres: <a href=\"#step-1-create-a-directory-for-the-tablespace-and-change-the-owner-to-postgres\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"step-1-create-a-directory-for-the-tablespace-and-change-the-owner-to-postgres\" title=\"Anchor for Step 1. Create a directory for the tablespace and change the owner to postgres:\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">mkdir -p \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/tablespaces\/my_tablespace\nchown postgres:postgres \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/tablespaces\/my_tablespace<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>You can replace the path with a real directory path on your server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-2-create-a-new-tablespace-in-postgresql\" id='step-2-create-a-new-tablespace-in-postgresql'>Step 2. Create a new tablespace in PostgreSQL: <a href=\"#step-2-create-a-new-tablespace-in-postgresql\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"step-2-create-a-new-tablespace-in-postgresql\" title=\"Anchor for Step 2. Create a new tablespace in PostgreSQL:\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLESPACE<\/span> my_tablespace\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OWNER<\/span> postgres\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LOCATION<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'\/var\/lib\/postgresql\/tablespaces\/my_tablespace'<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"using-tablespaces\" id='using-tablespaces'>Using tablespaces <a href=\"#using-tablespaces\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-tablespaces\" title=\"Anchor for Using tablespaces\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After creating the new tablespace, you can use it in statements like&nbsp;<code>CREATE TABLE<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>CREATE INDEX<\/code>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the following statement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-create-table\/\">creates a new table<\/a> and assigns it to the&nbsp;<code>pg_tablespace<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> customers(\n     customer_id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GENERATED<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALWAYS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IDENTITY<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span>,\n     <span class=\"hljs-type\">name<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-type\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">255<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>,\n     phone <span class=\"hljs-type\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>,\n     address <span class=\"hljs-type\">VARCHAR<\/span>\n) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLESPACE<\/span> my_tablespace;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The clause&nbsp;<code>TABLESPACE my_tablespace<\/code>&nbsp;assigns the&nbsp;<code>my_tablespace<\/code>&nbsp;to the&nbsp;<code>customers<\/code>&nbsp;table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can store indexes in a tablespace located in fast storage to optimize query performance. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INDEX<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ON<\/span> customers(<span class=\"hljs-type\">name<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLESPACE<\/span> my_tablespace;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following table lists all object types that you can assign tablespaces to them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a table listing all object types that can be stored in a <strong>PostgreSQL tablespace<\/strong>, along with the corresponding SQL statements and their meanings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Object Type<\/th><th>SQL Statement <\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Table<\/strong><\/td><td><code>CREATE TABLE my_table (...) TABLESPACE my_tablespace;<\/code><\/td><td>Stores table data in a tablespace.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Index<\/strong><\/td><td><code>CREATE INDEX ON my_table(...)<\/code><br><code>TABLESPACE my_tablespace;<\/code><\/td><td>Stores an index in a specific tablespace to improve query performance.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Materialized View<\/strong><\/td><td><code>CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW my_view<\/code><br><code>TABLESPACE my_tablespace<\/code><br><code>query;<\/code><\/td><td>Stores the materiallized view physically in a tablespace for faster retrieval.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sequence<\/strong><\/td><td><code>CREATE SEQUENCE my_seq TABLESPACE my_tablespace;<\/code><\/td><td>Create a sequence and stores its values in a tablespace.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Partitioned Table<\/strong><\/td><td><code>CREATE TABLE sales (id INT, sale_date DATE) PARTITION BY RANGE (sale_date) TABLESPACE my_tablespace;<\/code><\/td><td>A parent table that organizes child partitions, which can be in different tablespaces.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Partition (Child Table)<\/strong><\/td><td><code>CREATE TABLE sales_2025 PARTITION OF sales FOR VALUES FROM ('2025-01-01') TO ('2025-12-31') TABLESPACE fast_storage;<\/code><\/td><td>A child table storing partitioned data in a separate tablespace.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Temporary Table<\/strong><\/td><td><code>CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_table (...) TABLESPACE my_tablespace;<\/code><\/td><td>A temporary table that can use a custom tablespace.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"default-tablespaces\" id='default-tablespaces'>Default tablespaces <a href=\"#default-tablespaces\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"default-tablespaces\" title=\"Anchor for Default tablespaces\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PostgreSQL comes with two default tablespaces:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>pg_default<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>pg_global<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pg_default\" id='pg_default'>pg_default <a href=\"#pg_default\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"pg_default\" title=\"Anchor for pg_default\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>pg_default<\/code>&nbsp;tablespace is where PostgreSQL stores all database objects (tables, indexes, sequences, etc.) unless you explicitly specify a different tablespace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>pg_default<\/code>&nbsp;tablespace is located in the data directory of the PostgreSQL installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pg_global\" id='pg_global'>pg_global <a href=\"#pg_global\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"pg_global\" title=\"Anchor for pg_global\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>pg_global<\/code>&nbsp;tablespace stores shared system catalogs that are global to all databases within a single PostgreSQL instance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-use-tablespaces\" id='why-use-tablespaces'>Why Use Tablespaces? <a href=\"#why-use-tablespaces\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"why-use-tablespaces\" title=\"Anchor for Why Use Tablespaces?\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Enhance disk I\/O performance by distributing data across multiple storage devices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Place indexes on high-speed storage like SSD for faster query performance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use tablespaces for multi-tenant architectures, storing tenant-specific data in separate locations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"summary\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A tablespace is a storage location that holds database objects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the&nbsp;<code>CREATE TABLESPACE<\/code>&nbsp;statement to create a new tablespace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"2357\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-database-administration\/postgresql-tablespaces\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"PostgreSQL Tablespaces\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded 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