{"id":1928,"date":"2025-02-04T14:50:55","date_gmt":"2025-02-04T07:50:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/?page_id=1928"},"modified":"2025-02-04T14:53:35","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T07:53:35","slug":"postgresql-btrim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-string-functions\/postgresql-btrim\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL BTRIM Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to use the PostgreSQL <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function to remove specified characters from both ends of a string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-the-postgresql-btrim-function'>Introduction to the PostgreSQL BTRIM function <a href=\"#introduction-to-the-postgresql-btrim-function\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-the-postgresql-btrim-function\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to the PostgreSQL BTRIM function\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function allows you to remove specified characters from both ends of a string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">BTRIM(string &#91;, characters])<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function accepts two parameters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>string<\/code>: The input string you want to trim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>characters<\/code>: The characters you want to remove from the start and end of the input string. If you omit the characters, it defaults to whitespaces, including spaces, tabs, newlines, or carriage returns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function returns a new string with the specified characters removed from both ends of the input string. It returns <code>NULL<\/code> if the input string or characters is <code>NULL<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function matches <code>characters<\/code> case-sensitively, so you need to ensure that the <code>characters<\/code> argument matches the case of the string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='trimming-whitespace'>Trimming whitespace <a href=\"#trimming-whitespace\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"trimming-whitespace\" title=\"Anchor for Trimming whitespace\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function to trim whitespace from both ends of a string:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  BTRIM(<span class=\"hljs-string\">' pgtutorial.com '<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIEJUUklNKCcgcGd0dXRvcmlhbC5jb20gJyk7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">     btrim\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----------------<\/span>\n pgtutorial.com<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='trimming-specific-characters'>Trimming specific characters <a href=\"#trimming-specific-characters\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"trimming-specific-characters\" title=\"Anchor for Trimming specific characters\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function to remove characters <code>#@<\/code> from the start and end of a string:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  BTRIM(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'##pgtutorial.com@@'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'#@'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIEJUUklNKCcjI3BndHV0b3JpYWwuY29tQEAnLCAnI0AnKTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">     btrim\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----------------<\/span>\n pgtutorial.com<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this example, the <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function removes the character <code>@<\/code> and <code>#<\/code> from the start and end of the string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='trimming-data-in-the-database'>Trimming data in the database <a href=\"#trimming-data-in-the-database\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"trimming-data-in-the-database\" title=\"Anchor for Trimming data in the database\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-create-table\/\">create a new table<\/a> called <code>messages<\/code> to store messages:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IF<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">EXISTS<\/span> messages (\n  id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GENERATED<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALWAYS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IDENTITY<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span>,\n  message <span class=\"hljs-type\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">255<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=Q1JFQVRFIFRBQkxFIElGIE5PVCBFWElTVFMgbWVzc2FnZXMgKCBpZCBJTlQgR0VORVJBVEVEIEFMV0FZUyBBUyBJREVOVElUWSBQUklNQVJZIEtFWSwgbWVzc2FnZSBWQVJDSEFSKDI1NSkgTk9UIE5VTEwgKTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-insert\/\">insert some rows<\/a> into the <code>messages<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span>\n  messages (message)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n  (<span class=\"hljs-string\">' Received goods at the San Jose warehouse.'<\/span>),\n  (\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">' Issued four pieces of iPhone 15 Pro at the San Francisco warehouse. '<\/span>\n  ),\n  (<span class=\"hljs-string\">' #Sync inventory in San Jose warehouse. '<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNING<\/span>\n  message;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=SU5TRVJUIElOVE8gbWVzc2FnZXMgKG1lc3NhZ2UpIFZBTFVFUyAoJyBSZWNlaXZlZCBnb29kcyBhdCB0aGUgU2FuIEpvc2Ugd2FyZWhvdXNlLicpLCAoICcgSXNzdWVkIGZvdXIgcGllY2VzIG9mIGlQaG9uZSAxNSBQcm8gYXQgdGhlIFNhbiBGcmFuY2lzY28gd2FyZWhvdXNlLiAnICksICgnICNTeW5jIGludmVudG9yeSBpbiBTYW4gSm9zZSB3YXJlaG91c2UuICcpIFJFVFVSTklORyBtZXNzYWdlOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"CSS\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"css\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-css\">                                <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">message<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">-----------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">Received<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">goods<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">at<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">the<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">San<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">Jose<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">warehouse<\/span>.\n  <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">Issued<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">four<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">pieces<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">of<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">iPhone<\/span> 15 <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">Pro<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">at<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">the<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">San<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">Francisco<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">warehouse<\/span>.\n  <span class=\"hljs-selector-id\">#Sync<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">inventory<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">San<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">Jose<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">warehouse<\/span>.<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">CSS<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">css<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Then, remove spaces and <code>#<\/code> from the start and end of the <code>message<\/code> column when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-select\/\">querying data<\/a> from the <code>messages<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  BTRIM(message, <span class=\"hljs-string\">' #'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  messages;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIEJUUklNKG1lc3NhZ2UsICcgIycpIEZST00gbWVzc2FnZXM7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">                                btrim\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n Received goods at the San Jose warehouse.\n Issued four pieces of iPhone 15 Pro at the San Francisco warehouse.\n Sync inventory in San Jose warehouse.<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>After that, change the values in the <code>message<\/code> column by removing the space and # using the <code>BTRIM()<\/code> in the <code>SET<\/code> clause of the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-update\/\">UPDATE<\/a><\/code> statement:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> messages\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span>\n  message = BTRIM(message, <span class=\"hljs-string\">' #'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=VVBEQVRFIG1lc3NhZ2VzIFNFVCBtZXNzYWdlID0gQlRSSU0obWVzc2FnZSwgJyAjJyk7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, verify the update by querying data from the <code>messages<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  message\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  messages;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=VVBEQVRFIG1lc3NhZ2VzIFNFVCBtZXNzYWdlID0gQlRSSU0obWVzc2FnZSwgJyAjJyk7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">                               message\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n Received goods at the San Jose warehouse.\n Issued four pieces of iPhone 15 Pro at the San Francisco warehouse.\n Sync inventory in San Jose warehouse.<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function to remove specified characters from the start and end of a string.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function removes whitespace from both ends of a string by default.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>BTRIM()<\/code> function matches characters case-sensitively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div 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