{"id":1824,"date":"2025-02-02T12:11:06","date_gmt":"2025-02-02T05:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/?page_id=1824"},"modified":"2025-02-02T12:13:19","modified_gmt":"2025-02-02T05:13:19","slug":"postgresql-initcap","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-string-functions\/postgresql-initcap\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL INITCAP Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to use the PostgreSQL <code>INITCAP<\/code> function to convert a string to initial caps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-the-postgresql-initcap-function'>Introduction to the PostgreSQL INITCAP function <a href=\"#introduction-to-the-postgresql-initcap-function\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-the-postgresql-initcap-function\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to the PostgreSQL INITCAP function\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>INITCAP<\/code> function allows you to capitalize the first letter of each word in a string and convert other letters to lowercase. In other words, the <code>INITCAP<\/code> function converts a string to initial caps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>INITCAP<\/code> function defines a word as a series of alphanumeric characters separated by non-alphanumeric characters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>INITCAP<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">INITCAP(\u00a0string )<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>INITCAP<\/code> function takes one parameter:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>string<\/code> is the text input in which you want to convert to init caps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>INITCAP<\/code> function returns a new string with each word&#8217;s first letter converted to uppercase and all other letters converted to lowercase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>INITCAP<\/code> function returns <code>NULL<\/code> if the input string is <code>NULL<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>INITCAP<\/code> function is handy for formatting strings such as names and places.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='basic-postgresql-initcap-function'>Basic PostgreSQL INITCAP function <a href=\"#basic-postgresql-initcap-function\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"basic-postgresql-initcap-function\" title=\"Anchor for Basic PostgreSQL INITCAP function\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses the <code>INITCAP<\/code> function to convert the first letter of each word in the string <code>\"pg tutorial\"<\/code> to uppercase and the rest to lowercase:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  INITCAP(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'pg tutorial'<\/span>) result;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIElOSVRDQVAoJ3BnIHR1dG9yaWFsJykgcmVzdWx0Ow%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">   result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-------------<\/span>\n Pg Tutorial<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='using-the-initcap-function-with-table-data'>Using the INITCAP function with table data <a href=\"#using-the-initcap-function-with-table-data\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-the-initcap-function-with-table-data\" title=\"Anchor for Using the INITCAP function with table data\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-create-table\/\">create a new table<\/a> called <code>product_groups<\/code> to store product groups:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> product_groups (\n  product_group_id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GENERATED<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALWAYS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IDENTITY<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span>,\n  product_group_name <span class=\"hljs-type\">VARCHAR<\/span>\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=Q1JFQVRFIFRBQkxFIHByb2R1Y3RfZ3JvdXBzICggcHJvZHVjdF9ncm91cF9pZCBJTlQgR0VORVJBVEVEIEFMV0FZUyBBUyBJREVOVElUWSBQUklNQVJZIEtFWSwgcHJvZHVjdF9ncm91cF9uYW1lIFZBUkNIQVIgKTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-insert\/\">insert some rows<\/a> into the <code>product_groups<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span>\n  product_groups (product_group_name)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n  (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'smart watches'<\/span>),\n  (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'wireless audio'<\/span>),\n  (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'mobile phones'<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNING<\/span>\n  product_group_name;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=SU5TRVJUIElOVE8gcHJvZHVjdF9ncm91cHMgKHByb2R1Y3RfZ3JvdXBfbmFtZSkgVkFMVUVTICgnc21hcnQgd2F0Y2hlcycpLCAoJ3dpcmVsZXNzIGF1ZGlvJyksICgnbW9iaWxlIHBob25lcycpIFJFVFVSTklORyBwcm9kdWN0X2dyb3VwX25hbWU7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"> product_group_name\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------------<\/span>\n smart watches\n wireless audio\n mobile phones<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Third, use the <code>INITCAP<\/code> function to format the product group names:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  INITCAP(product_group_name)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  product_groups\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  product_group_name;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIElOSVRDQVAocHJvZHVjdF9ncm91cF9uYW1lKSBGUk9NIHByb2R1Y3RfZ3JvdXBzIE9SREVSIEJZIHByb2R1Y3RfZ3JvdXBfbmFtZTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">    initcap\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----------------<\/span>\n Mobile Phones\n Smart Watches\n Wireless Audio<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Finally, update the product group names using the <code>INITCAP<\/code> function in an <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-update\/\">UPDATE<\/a><\/code> statement:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> product_groups\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span>\n  product_group_name = INITCAP(product_group_name)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNING<\/span>\n  product_group_name;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=VVBEQVRFIHByb2R1Y3RfZ3JvdXBzIFNFVCBwcm9kdWN0X2dyb3VwX25hbWUgPSBJTklUQ0FQKHByb2R1Y3RfZ3JvdXBfbmFtZSkgUkVUVVJOSU5HIHByb2R1Y3RfZ3JvdXBfbmFtZTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"> product_group_name\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------------<\/span>\n Smart Watches\n Wireless Audio\n Mobile Phones<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the PostgreSQL <code>INITCAP<\/code> function to convert a string to initial caps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div 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