{"id":1586,"date":"2025-01-09T15:12:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T08:12:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/?page_id=1586"},"modified":"2025-01-09T16:31:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T09:31:55","slug":"postgresql-composite-types","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-composite-types\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL Composite Types"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary:<\/strong> In this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to use the PostgreSQL composite types and effectively manipulate composite columns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-postgresql-composite-types'>Introduction to PostgreSQL composite types <a href=\"#introduction-to-postgresql-composite-types\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-postgresql-composite-types\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to PostgreSQL composite types\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In PostgreSQL, a composite type represents the structure of a row or record. A composite type is a list of field names and their data types. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PostgreSQL allows you to use composite types in the same way as simple types. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, you can use composite types for table columns, function arguments, and function return types.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='creating-composite-types'>Creating composite types <a href=\"#creating-composite-types\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"creating-composite-types\" title=\"Anchor for Creating composite types\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To create a new composite type, you use the <code>CREATE TYPE<\/code> statement as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TYPE<\/span> type_name <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> (\n    field1 data_type,\n    field2 data_type,\n    ...\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, provide the composite type name after the <code>CREATE TYPE<\/code> keywords.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, list field names with their corresponding data types within parentheses after the <code>AS<\/code> keyword.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the following statement creates a composite type called <code>coordinate<\/code> that includes <code>latitude<\/code> and <code>longitude<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TYPE<\/span> coordinate <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> (\n    latitude <span class=\"hljs-type\">DEC<\/span>,\n    longitude <span class=\"hljs-type\">DEC<\/span>\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=Q1JFQVRFIFRZUEUgY29vcmRpbmF0ZSBBUyAoIGxhdGl0dWRlIERFQywgbG9uZ2l0dWRlIERFQyApOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='using-composite-types'>Using composite types <a href=\"#using-composite-types\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-composite-types\" title=\"Anchor for Using composite types\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After creating a composite type, you can use it like a simple type. For example, you can use a composite type as the type of a table column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-create-table\/\">creates a table<\/a> called <code>warehouse_locations<\/code> that uses the <code>coordinate<\/code> composite type:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> warehouse_locations(\n    warehouse_id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span> coordinate\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=Q1JFQVRFIFRBQkxFIHdhcmVob3VzZV9sb2NhdGlvbnMoIHdhcmVob3VzZV9pZCBJTlQgUFJJTUFSWSBLRVksIGxvY2F0aW9uIGNvb3JkaW5hdGUgKTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='constructing-composite-values'>Constructing composite values <a href=\"#constructing-composite-values\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"constructing-composite-values\" title=\"Anchor for Constructing composite values\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To create a composite value as a literal constant, you can use the <code>ROW<\/code> keyword and enclose comma-separated field values within parentheses as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROW<\/span>(value1, value2, ...)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example, you can construct the value for the <code>coordinate<\/code> composite type like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROW<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">37.318686<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">-121.871019<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following statement inserts a new row into the <code>warehouse_locations<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> warehouse_locations(warehouse_id, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROW<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">37.318686<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">-121.871019<\/span>))\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNING<\/span> *;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=SU5TRVJUIElOVE8gd2FyZWhvdXNlX2xvY2F0aW9ucyh3YXJlaG91c2VfaWQsIGxvY2F0aW9uKSBWQUxVRVMoMSwgUk9XKDM3LjMxODY4NiwgLTEyMS44NzEwMTkpKSBSRVRVUk5JTkcgKjs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\"> warehouse_id |        location\n--------------+-------------------------\n            1 | (37.318686,-121.871019)<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s possible to explicitly specify the fields of the composite column you want to insert using the dot notation:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">composite_column.field_name<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example, the following statement inserts a new row into the <code>warehouse_locations<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span>\n  warehouse_locations (\n    warehouse_id,\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>.latitude,\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>.longitude\n  )\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n  (<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">37.650972<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">-122.398659<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNING<\/span>\n  *;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=SU5TRVJUIElOVE8gd2FyZWhvdXNlX2xvY2F0aW9ucyAoIHdhcmVob3VzZV9pZCwgbG9jYXRpb24ubGF0aXR1ZGUsIGxvY2F0aW9uLmxvbmdpdHVkZSApIFZBTFVFUyAoMiwgMzcuNjUwOTcyLCAtMTIyLjM5ODY1OSkgUkVUVVJOSU5HICo7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"> warehouse_id |        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------+-------------------------<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> | (<span class=\"hljs-number\">37.650972<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">-122.398659<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='accessing-fields-of-composite-types'>Accessing fields of composite types <a href=\"#accessing-fields-of-composite-types\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"accessing-fields-of-composite-types\" title=\"Anchor for Accessing fields of composite types\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You can access the fields of a composite column using the dot notation:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">composite_column.field_name<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Sometimes, you need to place the composite column within parentheses like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">(composite_column).field_name<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>To access all fields of a composite column, you can use the asterisk shorthand (<code>*<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">(composite_column).*<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example, the following statement retrieves the <code>latitude<\/code> and <code>longitude<\/code> together with <code>warehouse_id<\/code> from the <code>warehouse_locations<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-13\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  warehouse_id,\n  (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>).latitude,\n  (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>).longitude\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  warehouse_locations;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-13\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIHdhcmVob3VzZV9pZCwgKGxvY2F0aW9uKS5sYXRpdHVkZSwgKGxvY2F0aW9uKS5sb25naXR1ZGUgRlJPTSB3YXJlaG91c2VfbG9jYXRpb25zOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\"> warehouse_id | latitude  |  longitude\n--------------+-----------+-------------\n            1 | 37.318686 | -121.871019\n            2 | 37.650972 | -122.398659<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In the <code>SELECT<\/code> statement, if you don&#8217;t use the parentheses, PostgreSQL might misinterpret the <code>location<\/code> type as a table name and issue an error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The above query is equivalent to the following query that uses the shorthand (<code>*<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-14\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n    warehouse_id,\n    (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>).*\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n    warehouse_locations;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-14\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIHdhcmVob3VzZV9pZCwgKGxvY2F0aW9uKS4qIEZST00gd2FyZWhvdXNlX2xvY2F0aW9uczs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\"> warehouse_id | latitude  |  longitude\n--------------+-----------+-------------\n            1 | 37.318686 | -121.871019\n            2 | 37.650972 | -122.398659<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='updating-composite-values'>Updating composite values <a href=\"#updating-composite-values\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"updating-composite-values\" title=\"Anchor for Updating composite values\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement updates the <code>latitude<\/code> and <code>longitude<\/code> of the location of the warehouse with <code>id<\/code> 1:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-15\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> warehouse_locations\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>.latitude = <span class=\"hljs-number\">37.650971<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>.longitude = <span class=\"hljs-number\">-122.398658<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n  warehouse_id = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNING<\/span> *;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-15\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=VVBEQVRFIHdhcmVob3VzZV9sb2NhdGlvbnMgU0VUIGxvY2F0aW9uLmxhdGl0dWRlID0gMzcuNjUwOTcxLCBsb2NhdGlvbi5sb25naXR1ZGUgPSAtMTIyLjM5ODY1OCBXSEVSRSB3YXJlaG91c2VfaWQgPSAxIFJFVFVSTklORyAqOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-16\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"> warehouse_id |        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------+-------------------------<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> | (<span class=\"hljs-number\">37.650971<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">-122.398658<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-16\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>You <em>do not<\/em> use parentheses when you access the field in the <code>SET<\/code> clause of the <code>UPDATE<\/code> statement because the dot notation is sufficient to identify the individual fields within the composite type. Using parentheses here will result in an error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To update all fields of the <code>location<\/code> column at once, you can also use the following syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-17\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> warehouse_locations\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span> = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROW<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">37.650971<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">-122.398658<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n  warehouse_id = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNING<\/span> *;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-17\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=VVBEQVRFIHdhcmVob3VzZV9sb2NhdGlvbnMgU0VUIGxvY2F0aW9uID0gUk9XICgzNy42NTA5NzEsIC0xMjIuMzk4NjU4KSBXSEVSRSB3YXJlaG91c2VfaWQgPSAxIFJFVFVSTklORyAqOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-18\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"> warehouse_id |        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------+-------------------------<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> | (<span class=\"hljs-number\">37.650971<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">-122.398658<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-18\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='deleting-rows-based-on-composite-values'>Deleting rows based on composite values <a href=\"#deleting-rows-based-on-composite-values\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"deleting-rows-based-on-composite-values\" title=\"Anchor for Deleting rows based on composite values\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When using the <code>DELETE<\/code> statement to delete a row based on a field of a composite type, you <em>do<\/em> need to use the parentheses in the <code>WHERE<\/code> clause. The reason is that the <code>WHERE<\/code> clause qualifies the column with the table name. If you don&#8217;t use the parentheses, PostgreSQL may misinterpret the composite as a table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the following statement deletes a row from the <code>warehouse_locations<\/code> table where the <code>latitude<\/code> of a location equals 37.650971:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-19\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DELETE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> warehouse_locations\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n  (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>).latitude = <span class=\"hljs-number\">37.650971<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNING<\/span> *;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-19\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=REVMRVRFIEZST00gd2FyZWhvdXNlX2xvY2F0aW9ucyBXSEVSRSAobG9jYXRpb24pLmxhdGl0dWRlID0gMzcuNjUwOTcxIFJFVFVSTklORyAqOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-20\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"> warehouse_id |        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------+-------------------------<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> | (<span class=\"hljs-number\">37.650971<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">-122.398658<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-20\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='applying-constraints'>Applying constraints <a href=\"#applying-constraints\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"applying-constraints\" title=\"Anchor for Applying constraints\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Composite types are flexible. However, they do not <em>directly<\/em> support constraints such as <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-not-null\/\">NOT NULL<\/a><\/code> and <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-check-constraint\/\">CHECK<\/a><\/code> on individual fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, if you apply the <code>NOT NULL<\/code> constraint to the <code>warehouse_locations<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-21\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALTER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> warehouse_locations\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALTER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">COLUMN<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-21\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=QUxURVIgVEFCTEUgd2FyZWhvdXNlX2xvY2F0aW9ucyBBTFRFUiBDT0xVTU4gbG9jYXRpb24gU0VUIE5PVCBOVUxMOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>NOT NULL<\/code> constraint ensures that the <em>whole composite value<\/em> is <code>NOT NULL<\/code>, not individual fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, the following statement fails to insert <code>NULL<\/code> into the <code>location<\/code> column:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-22\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> warehouse_locations(warehouse_id, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-22\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=SU5TRVJUIElOVE8gd2FyZWhvdXNlX2xvY2F0aW9ucyAod2FyZWhvdXNlX2lkLCBsb2NhdGlvbikgVkFMVUVTICgzLCBOVUxMKTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Error:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-23\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">null<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">value<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">column<\/span> \"location\" <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">of<\/span> relation \"warehouse_locations\" violates <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span>-<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">null<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">constraint<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-23\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>But you <em>can<\/em> insert <code>NULL<\/code> into <code>latitude<\/code> and <code>longitude<\/code> individually within a <code>ROW<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-24\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span>\n  warehouse_locations (warehouse_id, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n  (<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROW<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>));<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-24\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=SU5TRVJUIElOVE8gd2FyZWhvdXNlX2xvY2F0aW9ucyAod2FyZWhvdXNlX2lkLCBsb2NhdGlvbikgVkFMVUVTICgzLCBST1cgKE5VTEwsIE5VTEwpKTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To apply constraints like <code>NOT NULL<\/code> or <code>CHECK<\/code> to <em>individual fields<\/em> of a composite column, you can create a <em>domain<\/em> over the composite type and apply constraints to the domain. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, remove the row with <code>id<\/code> 3 from the <code>warehouse_locations<\/code> table (if it exists):<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-25\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DELETE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> warehouse_locations \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> warehouse_id = <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-25\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Second, create a domain <code>coordinate_domain<\/code> over the <code>coordinate<\/code> type:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-26\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DOMAIN<\/span> coordinate_domain \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> coordinate \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CHECK<\/span> (\n  (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUE<\/span>).latitude <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AND<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUE<\/span>).longitude <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-26\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=Q1JFQVRFIERPTUFJTiBjb29yZGluYXRlX2RvbWFpbiBBUyBjb29yZGluYXRlIENIRUNLICggKFZBTFVFKS5sYXRpdHVkZSBJUyBOT1QgTlVMTCBBTkQgKFZBTFVFKS5sb25naXR1ZGUgSVMgTk9UIE5VTEwgKTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, change the type of the <code>location<\/code> column to <code>coordinate_domain<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-27\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALTER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> warehouse_locations\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALTER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">COLUMN<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TYPE<\/span> coordinate_domain;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-27\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=QUxURVIgVEFCTEUgd2FyZWhvdXNlX2xvY2F0aW9ucyBBTFRFUiBDT0xVTU4gbG9jYXRpb24gVFlQRSBjb29yZGluYXRlX2RvbWFpbjs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, attempt to insert <code>NULL<\/code> into individual fields of the <code>location<\/code>: <\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-28\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span>\n  warehouse_locations (warehouse_id, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">location<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n  (<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROW<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>));<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-28\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=SU5TRVJUIElOVE8gd2FyZWhvdXNlX2xvY2F0aW9ucyAod2FyZWhvdXNlX2lkLCBsb2NhdGlvbikgVkFMVUVTICgzLCBST1cgKE5VTEwsIE5VTEwpKTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It will result in an error as expected:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-29\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">ERROR:  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">value<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">domain<\/span> coordinate_domain violates <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">check<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">constraint<\/span> \"coordinate_domain_check\"<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-29\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='implicit-composite-types'>Implicit composite types <a href=\"#implicit-composite-types\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"implicit-composite-types\" title=\"Anchor for Implicit composite types\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When you create a table, PostgreSQL automatically creates a corresponding composite type.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-30\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> product_serials (\n  serial_no <span class=\"hljs-type\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span>,\n  product_id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-30\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=Q1JFQVRFIFRBQkxFIHByb2R1Y3Rfc2VyaWFscyAoIHNlcmlhbF9ubyBWQVJDSEFSKDI1KSBQUklNQVJZIEtFWSwgcHJvZHVjdF9pZCBJTlQgTk9UIE5VTEwsICk7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PostgreSQL automatically creates a <code>product_serials<\/code> composite type called <code>product_serials<\/code> with two fields <code>serial_no<\/code> and <code>product_id<\/code>. However, it does not carry the constraints to the type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A composite type represents a record or a row.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A composite type contains a list of fields and their corresponding data types.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use a composite type similarly to a simple type.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Composite types do not directly support constraints on individual fields, but you can create a domain over the composite type and apply constraints to the domain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PostgreSQL automatically creates a corresponding implicit composite type for each table.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='quiz'>Quiz <a href=\"#quiz\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"quiz\" title=\"Anchor for Quiz\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  name=\"quiz\"\n  src=\"\/quiz\/?quiz=composite-types\"\n  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