{"id":1120,"date":"2024-12-20T16:47:42","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T09:47:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/?page_id=1120"},"modified":"2025-01-05T20:26:59","modified_gmt":"2025-01-05T13:26:59","slug":"postgresql-cume_dist","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-window-functions\/postgresql-cume_dist\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: In this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to use the PostgreSQL <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> window function to calculate the cumulative distribution of a value in a set of values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='getting-started-with-postgresql-cume_dist-window-function'>Getting Started with PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function <a href=\"#getting-started-with-postgresql-cume_dist-window-function\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"getting-started-with-postgresql-cume_dist-window-function\" title=\"Anchor for Getting Started with PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>CUME_DIST<\/code> function returns the cumulative distribution of a value within a set of values. It provides the relative position of a value in a set, helping to identify the percentile rank of that value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A percentile rank is a statistical measure that shows the relative position of a value within a dataset. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, if a price is in the 80th percentile, it indicates that 80% of product prices are equal to or lower than that price.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='syntax'>Syntax <a href=\"#syntax\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"syntax\" title=\"Anchor for Syntax\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s the syntax of the <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> window function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">CUME_DIST() <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (\n  &#91;<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PARTITION<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> partition_expression]\n  &#91;<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> sort_expression]\n)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>PARTITION BY<\/code>: Divides the result set into partitions where the function applies. This clause is optional. If you omit it, the function will treat the whole result set as a single partition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>ORDER BY<\/code>: Specifies the order of rows in each partition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>CUME_DIST<\/code> function returns a value in the range of (0, 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='postgresql-cume_dist-window-function-examples'>PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function Examples <a href=\"#postgresql-cume_dist-window-function-examples\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"postgresql-cume_dist-window-function-examples\" title=\"Anchor for PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function Examples\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s take some examples of using the <code>CUME_DIST<\/code> function with the <code>products<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"159\" height=\"254\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/products.png\" alt=\"PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function - Sample Table\" class=\"wp-image-1051\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='basic-postgresql-cume_dist-window-function-example'>Basic PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function Example <a href=\"#basic-postgresql-cume_dist-window-function-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"basic-postgresql-cume_dist-window-function-example\" title=\"Anchor for Basic PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function Example\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-select\/\">SELECT<\/a><\/code> statement uses the <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> function to calculate the price percentile for each product:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  product_name,\n  price,\n  CUME_DIST() <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n      price <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DESC<\/span>\n  ) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> price_distribution\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  products;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIHByb2R1Y3RfbmFtZSwgcHJpY2UsIENVTUVfRElTVCgpIE9WRVIgKCBPUkRFUiBCWSBwcmljZSBERVNDICkgQVMgcHJpY2VfZGlzdHJpYnV0aW9uIEZST00gcHJvZHVjdHM7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">        product_name        |  price  | price_distribution\n----------------------------+---------+--------------------\n Samsung QN900C Neo QLED    | 2999.99 |               0.04\n LG G3 OLED                 | 2499.99 |               0.12\n Sony Bravia XR A95K        | 2499.99 |               0.12\n LG OLED TV C3              | 1999.99 |               0.16\n Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 5    | 1799.99 |                0.2\n Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon  | 1599.99 |               0.24\n Dell XPS 15                | 1499.99 |               0.28\n HP Spectre x360            | 1399.99 |               0.32\n Microsoft Surface Laptop 5 | 1299.99 |               0.48\n Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max    | 1299.99 |               0.48\n Sony HT-A7000 Soundbar     | 1299.99 |               0.48\n Apple iMac 24\"             | 1299.99 |               0.48\n Apple iPhone 15            | 1099.99 |               0.56\n Apple iPad Pro 12.9        | 1099.99 |               0.56\n Samsung Galaxy S24         |  999.99 |               0.64\n Dell Inspiron 27           |  999.99 |               0.64\n Sony Xperia 1 VI           |  949.99 |               0.68\n Huawei Mate 60             |  899.99 |               0.72\n Xiaomi Mi 14               |  799.99 |               0.76\n Samsung Galaxy Tab S9      |  699.99 |                0.8\n Apple Watch Series 9       |  399.99 |               0.88\n Bose SoundLink Max         |  399.99 |               0.88\n Samsung Galaxy Watch 6     |  349.99 |               0.92\n Apple AirPods Pro 3        |  249.99 |               0.96\n Samsung Galaxy Buds Pro 2  |  199.99 |                  1<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The output shows that over <code>80%<\/code> of products have prices greater than <code>699.99<\/code>, and only <code>20%<\/code> have prices at <code>1799.99<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='calculating-the-price-percentile-for-each-category'>Calculating the Price Percentile for Each category <a href=\"#calculating-the-price-percentile-for-each-category\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"calculating-the-price-percentile-for-each-category\" title=\"Anchor for Calculating the Price Percentile for Each category\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement uses the <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> function to calculate the price percentile for products in each category:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  category_id,\n  product_name,\n  price,\n  CUME_DIST() <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PARTITION<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n      category_id\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n      price <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DESC<\/span>\n  )::<span class=\"hljs-type\">DEC<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> price_distribution\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  products;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGNhdGVnb3J5X2lkLCBwcm9kdWN0X25hbWUsIHByaWNlLCBDVU1FX0RJU1QoKSBPVkVSICggUEFSVElUSU9OIEJZIGNhdGVnb3J5X2lkIE9SREVSIEJZIHByaWNlIERFU0MgKTo6REVDKDMsIDIpIEFTIHByaWNlX2Rpc3RyaWJ1dGlvbiBGUk9NIHByb2R1Y3RzOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">category_id |        product_name        |  price  | price_distribution\n-------------+----------------------------+---------+--------------------\n           3 | Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 5    | 1799.99 |               0.14\n           3 | Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max    | 1299.99 |               0.29\n           3 | Apple iPhone 15            | 1099.99 |               0.43\n           3 | Samsung Galaxy S24         |  999.99 |               0.57\n           3 | Sony Xperia 1 VI           |  949.99 |               0.71\n           3 | Huawei Mate 60             |  899.99 |               0.86\n           3 | Xiaomi Mi 14               |  799.99 |               1.00\n           4 | Apple iPad Pro 12.9        | 1099.99 |               0.50\n           4 | Samsung Galaxy Tab S9      |  699.99 |               1.00\n           5 | Apple AirPods Pro 3        |  249.99 |               0.50\n           5 | Samsung Galaxy Buds Pro 2  |  199.99 |               1.00\n           6 | Apple Watch Series 9       |  399.99 |               0.50\n           6 | Samsung Galaxy Watch 6     |  349.99 |               1.00\n           8 | Samsung QN900C Neo QLED    | 2999.99 |               0.25\n           8 | Sony Bravia XR A95K        | 2499.99 |               0.75\n           8 | LG G3 OLED                 | 2499.99 |               0.75\n           8 | LG OLED TV C3              | 1999.99 |               1.00\n           9 | Sony HT-A7000 Soundbar     | 1299.99 |               0.50\n           9 | Bose SoundLink Max         |  399.99 |               1.00\n          11 | Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon  | 1599.99 |               0.25\n          11 | Dell XPS 15                | 1499.99 |               0.50\n          11 | HP Spectre x360            | 1399.99 |               0.75\n          11 | Microsoft Surface Laptop 5 | 1299.99 |               1.00\n          12 | Apple iMac 24\"             | 1299.99 |               0.50\n          12 | Dell Inspiron 27           |  999.99 |               1.00<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <code>PARTITION BY category_id<\/code> divides the products by <code>category_id<\/code> into partitions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>ORDER BY price DESC<\/code> sorts the products by prices in each partition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To get the category name, you can join the <code>products<\/code> table with the <code>categories<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"415\" height=\"254\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/products-categories-1.png\" alt=\"PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function - Sample Tables\" class=\"wp-image-1049\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/products-categories-1.png 415w, https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/products-categories-1-300x184.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  category_name,\n  product_name,\n  price,\n  CUME_DIST() <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PARTITION<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n      category_name\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n      price <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DESC<\/span>\n  )::<span class=\"hljs-type\">DEC<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> price_distribution\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  products\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">JOIN<\/span> categories <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">USING<\/span> (category_id);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGNhdGVnb3J5X25hbWUsIHByb2R1Y3RfbmFtZSwgcHJpY2UsIENVTUVfRElTVCgpIE9WRVIgKCBQQVJUSVRJT04gQlkgY2F0ZWdvcnlfbmFtZSBPUkRFUiBCWSBwcmljZSBERVNDICk6OkRFQygzLCAyKSBBUyBwcmljZV9kaXN0cmlidXRpb24gRlJPTSBwcm9kdWN0cyBKT0lOIGNhdGVnb3JpZXMgVVNJTkcgKGNhdGVnb3J5X2lkKTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"> category_name |        product_name        |  price  | price_distribution\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------+----------------------------+---------+--------------------<\/span>\n Accessories   | Apple AirPods Pro <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>        |  <span class=\"hljs-number\">249.99<\/span> |               <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.50<\/span>\n Accessories   | Samsung Galaxy Buds Pro <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>  |  <span class=\"hljs-number\">199.99<\/span> |               <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.00<\/span>\n Audio Systems | Sony HT-A7000 Soundbar     | <span class=\"hljs-number\">1299.99<\/span> |               <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.50<\/span>\n Audio Systems | Bose SoundLink Max         |  <span class=\"hljs-number\">399.99<\/span> |               <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.00<\/span>\n Desktops      | Apple iMac <span class=\"hljs-number\">24<\/span>\"             | 1299.99 |               0.50\n Desktops      | Dell Inspiron 27           |  999.99 |               1.00\n Laptops       | Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon  | 1599.99 |               0.25\n Laptops       | Dell XPS 15                | 1499.99 |               0.50\n Laptops       | HP Spectre x360            | 1399.99 |               0.75\n Laptops       | Microsoft Surface Laptop 5 | 1299.99 |               1.00\n Smartphones   | Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 5    | 1799.99 |               0.14\n Smartphones   | Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max    | 1299.99 |               0.29\n Smartphones   | Apple iPhone 15            | 1099.99 |               0.43\n Smartphones   | Samsung Galaxy S24         |  999.99 |               0.57\n Smartphones   | Sony Xperia 1 VI           |  949.99 |               0.71\n Smartphones   | Huawei Mate 60             |  899.99 |               0.86\n Smartphones   | Xiaomi Mi 14               |  799.99 |               1.00\n Tablets       | Apple iPad Pro 12.9        | 1099.99 |               0.50\n Tablets       | Samsung Galaxy Tab S9      |  699.99 |               1.00\n Televisions   | Samsung QN900C Neo QLED    | 2999.99 |               0.25\n Televisions   | Sony Bravia XR A95K        | 2499.99 |               0.75\n Televisions   | LG G3 OLED                 | 2499.99 |               0.75\n Televisions   | LG OLED TV C3              | 1999.99 |               1.00\n Wearables     | Apple Watch Series 9       |  399.99 |               0.50\n Wearables     | Samsung Galaxy Watch 6     |  349.99 |               1.00<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>CUME_DIST<\/code> window function to calculate the cumulative distribution of a value in a set of values.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='quiz'>Quiz <a href=\"#quiz\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"quiz\" title=\"Anchor for Quiz\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  name=\"quiz\"\n  src=\"\/quiz\/?quiz=cume_dist\"\n  height=\"700\"\n  width=\"600\"\n  class=\"iframe\"\n><\/iframe>\n\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"1120\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-window-functions\/postgresql-cume_dist\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"PostgreSQL CUME_DIST Window Function\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded 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tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to use the PostgreSQL CUME_DIST() window function to calculate the cumulative distribution of a value in a set of values.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1072,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1120","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL CUME_DIST() Window Function<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"You&#039;ll learn how to use the PostgreSQL CUME_DIST() window function to calculate the cumulative distribution of a value in a set of values.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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