{"id":2962,"date":"2019-08-14T04:22:22","date_gmt":"2019-08-14T11:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oracletutorial.com\/?page_id=2962"},"modified":"2025-05-30T02:59:16","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T09:59:16","slug":"mutating-table-error-in-oracle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/plsql-tutorial\/mutating-table-error-in-oracle\/","title":{"rendered":"Mutating Table Error in Oracle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn about the mutating table error in Oracle and how to fix it using a compound trigger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a table is mutating, it is changing. If the change is taking place and you try to make another change in the middle of the first change, Oracle will issue a mutating table error with the error code ORA-04091.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specifically, the error results from the following operations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-update\/\">update data<\/a> to a table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/plsql-tutorial\/oracle-row-level-triggers\/\">row-level trigger<\/a> associated with the table automatically fires and makes another change to the table.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='simulate-the-mutating-table-error-example'>Simulate the mutating table error example <a href=\"#simulate-the-mutating-table-error-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"simulate-the-mutating-table-error-example\" title=\"Anchor for Simulate the mutating table error example\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s use the <code>customers<\/code> table from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/getting-started\/oracle-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a> for demonstration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"144\" height=\"145\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/customers-table.png\" alt=\"customers table\" class=\"wp-image-298\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose you want to update the credit limit for a customer. If the credit is greater than 5 times of the lowest non-zero credit, the system automatically assigns this credit to the customer.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OR<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">REPLACE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TRIGGER<\/span> customers_credit_policy_trg \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AFTER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OR<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ON<\/span> customers\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FOR<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">EACH<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROW<\/span> \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DECLARE<\/span> \n    l_max_credit   customers.credit_limit%<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TYPE<\/span>; \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BEGIN<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">-- get the lowest non-zero credit <\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MIN<\/span> (credit_limit) * <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> l_max_credit \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> customers\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> credit_limit &gt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>;\n    \n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">-- check with the new credit<\/span>\n    IF l_max_credit &lt; :NEW.credit_limit \n    THEN \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> customers \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span> credit_limit = l_max_credit \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> customer_id = :NEW.customer_id; \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IF<\/span>; \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span>;\n\/\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>This statement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-update\/\">updates<\/a> the credit limit of the customer 1 to 12000:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> customers\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span> credit_limit = <span class=\"hljs-number\">12000<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> customer_id = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The update action fires the trigger and Oracle issues the following mutating table error:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">ORA-04091: table OT.CUSTOMERS is mutating, trigger\/function may not see it<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>As explained earlier, the update statement changes the data of the <code>customers<\/code> table. The trigger fires and attempts to make another change while the first change is in progress, which results in an error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='fixing-the-mutating-table-error'>Fixing the mutating table error <a href=\"#fixing-the-mutating-table-error\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"fixing-the-mutating-table-error\" title=\"Anchor for Fixing the mutating table error\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To fix the mutating table error, you can use a compound trigger if you are using Oracle 11g and later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"note\">Note that if you&#8217;re using Oracle 10g or earlier, you need to use a package to fix the mutating table error, which we will not cover in this tutorial.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OR<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">REPLACE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TRIGGER<\/span> customers_credit_policy_trg    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FOR<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OR<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ON<\/span> customers    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">COMPOUND<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TRIGGER<\/span>     \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TYPE<\/span> r_customers_type <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">RECORD<\/span> (    \n        customer_id   customers.customer_id%<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TYPE<\/span>, \n        credit_limit  customers.credit_limit%<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TYPE<\/span>    \n    );    \n\n    TYPE t_customers_type IS TABLE OF r_customers_type  \n        INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;    \n\n    t_customer   t_customers_type;    \n\n    AFTER EACH ROW IS    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BEGIN<\/span>  \n        t_customer (t_customer.COUNT + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>).customer_id :=    \n            :NEW.customer_id;    \n        t_customer (t_customer.COUNT).credit_limit := :NEW.credit_limit;\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AFTER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">EACH<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROW<\/span>;    \n\n    AFTER STATEMENT IS    \n        l_max_credit   customers.credit_limit%TYPE;    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BEGIN<\/span>      \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MIN<\/span> (credit_limit) * <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>    \n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> l_max_credit    \n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> customers\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> credit_limit &gt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>;\n\n        FOR indx IN 1 .. t_customer.COUNT    \n        LOOP                                      \n            IF l_max_credit &lt; t_customer (indx).credit_limit    \n            THEN    \n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> customers    \n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span> credit_limit = l_max_credit    \n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> customer_id = t_customer (indx).customer_id;    \n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IF<\/span>;    \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LOOP<\/span>;    \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AFTER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">STATEMENT<\/span>;    \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span>; \n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this trigger:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, declare an array of customer records that includes customer id and credit limit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, collect affected rows into the array in the row-level trigger.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third, update each affected row in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/plsql-tutorial\/oracle-statement-level-triggers\/\">statement-level trigger<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, you have learned about the mutating table error in Oracle and how to fix it using a compound trigger.<\/p>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful?<\/div>\n\t\t<div 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