{"id":1282,"date":"2017-11-02T21:21:31","date_gmt":"2017-11-02T14:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oracletutorial.com\/?page_id=1282"},"modified":"2025-05-30T02:56:12","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T09:56:12","slug":"oracle-number-data-type","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-number-data-type\/","title":{"rendered":"Oracle NUMBER Data Type"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn about the Oracle <code>NUMBER<\/code> data type and how to use it to define numeric columns for a table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-oracle-number-data-type'>Introduction to Oracle NUMBER data type <a href=\"#introduction-to-oracle-number-data-type\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-oracle-number-data-type\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to Oracle NUMBER data type\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Oracle <code>NUMBER<\/code> data type is used to store numeric values that can be negative or positive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>NUMBER<\/code> data type:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">NUMBER&#91;(precision &#91;, scale])]<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The Oracle <code>NUMBER<\/code> data type has precision and scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The precision is the number of digits in a number. It ranges from 1 to 38.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The scale is the number of digits to the right of the decimal point in a number. It ranges from -84 to 127.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the number <code>1234.56<\/code> has a precision of <code>6<\/code> and a scale of <code>2<\/code>. So to store this number, you need\u00a0<code>NUMBER(6,2)<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both precision and scale are in decimal digits and optional. If you skip the precision and scale, Oracle uses the maximum range and precision for the number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the following form defines a number that&nbsp;can store numeric values with the maximum range and precision:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">NUMBER<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>NUMBER<\/code>  data type can hold any numbers including integer and decimal up to 38 digits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following syntax defines a fixed-point number:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">NUMBER(p,s)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>To define an integer, you use the following form:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">NUMBER(p)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The above form represents a fixed-point number with precision p and a scale of zero, which is equivalent to the following:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">NUMBER(p,0)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Oracle allows the scale to be negative, for example, the following number will round the numeric value to hundreds.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">NUMBER(5,-2)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Note that if you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-insert\/\">insert<\/a> a number into a <code>NUMBER(p,s)<\/code> column and the number exceeds precision p, Oracle will issue an error. However, if the number exceeds the scale, Oracle will round the value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='oracle-number-data-type-examples'>Oracle NUMBER data type examples <a href=\"#oracle-number-data-type-examples\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"oracle-number-data-type-examples\" title=\"Anchor for Oracle NUMBER data type examples\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-create-table\/\">create a table<\/a> named <code>number_demo<\/code> that consists of a numeric column:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> number_demo ( \n    number_value <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">NUMERIC<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>) \n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Second, insert three numbers into the <code>number_demo<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> number_demo\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">100.99<\/span>);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> number_demo\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">90.551<\/span>);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> number_demo\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">87.556<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The first value was inserted successfully because the number was in the range defined for the column.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The second value was rounded down and the third value was rounded up because the column accepted only numbers with two decimal point places.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, insert the maximum and minimum values that the <code>number_value<\/code> can accept:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> number_demo\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">9999.99<\/span>);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> number_demo\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">-9999.99<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Fourth, the following example causes an error because the inserted value exceeds the precision defined for the column.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> number_demo\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">-10000<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Consider the following example:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> number_demo\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">9999.999<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this example, the value was rounded up which resulted in a number that exceeded the precision defined for the column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='oracle-number-data-type-aliases'>Oracle NUMBER data type aliases <a href=\"#oracle-number-data-type-aliases\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"oracle-number-data-type-aliases\" title=\"Anchor for Oracle NUMBER data type aliases\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Oracle contains a number of aliases that you can use to define numeric columns as shown in the following table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>ANSI data type<\/th><th>Oracle NUMBER data type<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>INT<\/td><td>NUMBER(38)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SMALLINT<\/td><td>NUMBER(38)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NUMBER(p,s)<\/td><td>NUMBER(p,s)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DECIMAL(p,s)<\/td><td>NUMBER(p,s)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Note that <code>INT<\/code>, <code>SMALLINT<\/code>, <code>NUMERIC<\/code>, and <code>DECIMAL<\/code> are just aliases. They are not the real data types. Internally, Oracle maps these aliases to the corresponding <code>NUMBER<\/code> data type.<\/p>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"1282\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-number-data-type\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"Oracle NUMBER Data Type\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block w-full h-full\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 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