How do people get exposed to mold?

Mold is a microorganism and type of fungus that thrives in wet places. In nature, it forms on damp materials and in decaying organic matter. Outdoor mold reaches its highest levels in the summer and fall. Inside, it can spread on damp surfaces, like the paper surface of wet drywall. Flooding, leaky pipes, humid conditions, and poor ventilation contribute to the growth of mold in our buildings and homes.

Most molds are not harmful. Some are used to make foods, like cheese and yogurt, or to manufacture medicines, like penicillin. A few species can be detrimental to human health. Some produce mycotoxins, which are substances that can cause severe illness if ingested. Molds also release spores that can irritate the nose and lungs and occasionally produce severe reactions.

What are the most common forms of mold?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the most common indoor molds are:

• Alternaria
• Aspergillus
• Cladosporium
• Penicillium
• Stachybotrys chartarum (also known as black mold)

What are some of the health effects associated with mold exposure?

Allergic reactions to mold spore exposure may include:

• Blurred vision
• Chronic cough
• Eye irritation
• Headache
• Nasal and sinus congestion
• Skin rash
• Sore throat

For some individuals contact with certain molds may produce more serious reactions.

Asthma —Studies have shown that mold exposure can increase a person’s risk of developing asthma or worsen its symptoms — especially for young children.
Cancer — Aflatoxin, a type of mycotoxin found on corn and other grains, seeds, or nut crops, has been listed by the NTP as a human carcinogen.
Cognitive issues — Extended exposure to mold has been linked to short-term memory loss, lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision, ringing in the ears, and loss of cognitive functions, also known as “brain fog.”
Immune effects — Long-term exposure to inhaled mycotoxins may promote inflammation and immune system changes.
Mental health issues — Studies have associated prolonged mold exposure with increased levels or depression, anxiety, and stress in both children and adults.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has developed strategies and guidelines to minimize mycotoxins in the U.S. food supply. The FDA also monitors domestic and imported foods for compliance and safety.

What can I do to get rid of mold in my home?

The best way to control mold growth indoors is to control moisture. Individuals can act to prevent or eliminate mold in their homes by: Controlling humidity with HVAC systems or dehumidifiers.

• Using fans and open windows to ventilate and dry indoor spaces.
• Fixing sources of water problems such as leaking roofs, wet basements and dripping pipes or faucets.
• Cleaning small mold spots using household cleaning solutions.
• Consulting experienced and qualified professionals for major mold cleanup projects.
• Avoiding use of carpeting and areas likely to become wet, such as kitchens, bathrooms, and basements.