{"id":7994,"date":"2019-08-29T08:22:41","date_gmt":"2019-08-29T15:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=7994"},"modified":"2020-04-11T02:01:28","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T09:01:28","slug":"mysql-view-processing-algorithms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-views\/mysql-view-processing-algorithms\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL View Processing Algorithms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn about MySQL view processing algorithms including <code>MERGE<\/code>, <code>TEMPTABLE<\/code>, and <code>UNDEFINED<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-views\/mysql-create-view\/\">CREATE VIEW<\/a><\/code> and <code>ALTER VIEW<\/code> statements have an optional clause: <code>ALGORITHM<\/code>.&nbsp;The algorithm determines how MySQL process a view and can take one of three values <code>MERGE<\/code>, <code>TEMPTABLE<\/code>, and <code>UNDEFINE<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the <code>CREATE VIEW<\/code> statement with the <code>ALGORITHM<\/code> clause:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> &#91;<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OR<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">REPLACE<\/span>]&#91;ALGORITHM = {<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MERGE<\/span> | TEMPTABLE | UNDEFINED}] <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VIEW<\/span> \n   view_name&#91;(column_list)]\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> \n   <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">select<\/span>-<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">statement<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>And this is the <code>ALTER VIEW<\/code> statement with the <code>ALGORITHM<\/code> clause:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> &#91;ALGORITHM = {<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MERGE<\/span> | TEMPTABLE | UNDEFINED}] <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VIEW<\/span> \n   view_name&#91;(column_list)] \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> \n   <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">select<\/span>-<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">statement<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MERGE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When you query from a <code>MERGE<\/code> view, MySQL processes the following steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>First, merge the input query with the <code><a href=\"http:\/\/www.www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-select-from\/\">SELECT<\/a><\/code> statement in the view definition into a single query.<\/li><li>Then, execute the combined query to return the result set.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Note that the combination of input query and the <code>SELECT<\/code> statement of the view definition into a single query is referred to as <em>view resolution<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See the following <code>customers<\/code> from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/getting-started-with-mysql\/mysql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"219\" height=\"306\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/customers_table.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/customers_table.png 219w, https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/customers_table-215x300.png 215w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement creates a view based on the <code>customers<\/code> table with the name <code>contactPersons<\/code> with the <code>MERGE<\/code> algorithm:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> ALGORITHM=<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MERGE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VIEW<\/span> contactPersons(\n    customerName, \n    firstName, \n    lastName, \n    phone\n) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    customerName, \n    contactFirstName, \n    contactLastName, \n    phone\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> customers;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Suppose that you issue the following statement:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> * <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> contactPersons\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> customerName <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LIKE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'%Co%'<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>MySQL performs these steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Convert view name <code>contactPersons<\/code> to table name <code>customers<\/code>.<\/li><li>Convert askterisk (*)&nbsp; to a list column names <code>customerName<\/code>, <code>firstName<\/code>, <code>lastName<\/code>, <code>phone<\/code>, which corresponds to <code>customerName<\/code>, <code>contactFirstName<\/code>, <code>contactLastName<\/code>, <code>phone<\/code>.<\/li><li>Add the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-where\/\">WHERE<\/a><\/code> clause.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The resulting statement is:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    customerName, \n    contactFirstName, \n    contactLastName, \n    phone\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n    customers\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n    customerName <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LIKE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'%Co%'<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TEMPTABLE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When you issue a query to a <code>TEMPTABLE<\/code> view, MySQL performs these steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-temporary-table\/\">create a temporary table<\/a> to store the result of the <code>SELECT<\/code> in the view definition.<\/li><li>Then, execute the input query against the temporary table.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Because MySQL has to create the temporary table to store the result set and moves the data from the base tables to the temporary table, the algorithm <code>TEMPTABLE<\/code>&nbsp; is less efficient than the <code>MERGE<\/code> algorithm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Note that <code>TEMPTABLE<\/code> views cannot be <a title=\"Create updateable view in MySQL\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-views\/mysql-updatable-views\/\">updatable<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UNDEFINED<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>UNDEFINED<\/code> is the default algorithm when you create a view without specifying the <code>ALGORITHM<\/code> clause or you explicitly specify <code class=\"literal\">ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, when you create a view with <code class=\"literal\">ALGORITHM = MERGE<\/code> and MySQL can only process the view with a temporary table, MySQL automatically sets the algorithm to <code>UNDEFINED<\/code> and generates a warning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"itemizedlist\">\n<p>The<code>UNDEFINED<\/code> allows MySQL to choose either <code>MERGE<\/code> or <code>TEMPTABLE<\/code>. And MySQL prefers <code>MERGE<\/code>&nbsp; over <code>TEMPTABLE<\/code>&nbsp; if possible because <code>MERGE<\/code> is often more efficient than <code>TEMPTABLE<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, you have learned about the MySQL view processing algorithms including <code>MERGE<\/code>, <code>TEMPTABLE<\/code>, and <code>UNDEFINED<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful? <\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"7994\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-views\/mysql-view-processing-algorithms\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"MySQL View Processing Algorithms\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 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