{"id":7564,"date":"2019-04-07T23:20:35","date_gmt":"2019-04-08T06:20:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=7564"},"modified":"2023-10-12T22:02:19","modified_gmt":"2023-10-13T05:02:19","slug":"mysql-upper","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-string-functions\/mysql-upper\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL UPPER() Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the MySQL UPPER()<\/code> function to convert a string to uppercase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction to MySQL UPPER() function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The UPPER()<\/code> function returns the uppercase of a specified string argument. The following shows the syntax of the UPPER()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n

UPPER(str)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> (<\/span>sql<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
In this syntax, the str<\/code> is the argument to be converted to the uppercase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Besides the UPPER()<\/code> function, you can use the UCASE()<\/code> function to convert a string to uppercase:<\/p>\n\n\n
UCASE(str)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> (<\/span>sql<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
The results of both functions are the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Note that to convert a string to lowercase, you use the LOWER()<\/a><\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MySQL UPPER() function examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Let’s take some examples of using the MySQL UPPER()<\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1) Using the UPPER() to convert a literal string to uppercase<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The following example uses the UPPER()<\/code> function to convert the string MySQL<\/code> to uppercase:<\/p>\n\n\n
SELECT<\/span> \n    UPPER<\/span>('MySQL'<\/span>);\n<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> (<\/span>sql<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
Here is the output:<\/p>\n\n\n
+----------------+<\/span>\n| UPPER('MySQL') |\n+----------------+<\/span>\n| MYSQL          |\n+----------------+<\/span>\n1 row in set<\/span> (0.00<\/span> sec)\n<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> (<\/span>sql<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
2) Using the UPPER() function with data in the table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
This example uses the UPPER()<\/code> function to convert the last name of employees to uppercase.<\/p>\n\n\n
SELECT<\/span> \n    lastname, \n    UPPER<\/span>(lastname) uppercase\nFROM<\/span>\n    employees\nORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> \n    lastname\nLIMIT<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> (<\/span>sql<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
The following picture shows the partial output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"MySQL<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Handling binary string data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The UPPER()<\/code> function is ineffective when applied to the binary strings such as BINARY<\/code>, VARBINARY<\/code>, and BLOB<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Therefore, before passing a binary string to the UPPER()<\/code> function, you need to convert the string to a nonbinary string as shown in the following example:<\/p>\n\n\n
SET<\/span> @str<\/span> = BINARY<\/span> 'Binary String'<\/span>;\nSELECT<\/span> UPPER<\/span>(@str<\/span>), UPPER<\/span>(CONVERT<\/span>(@str<\/span> USING<\/span> utf8mb4)) uppercase;<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> (<\/span>sql<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
Here is the output:<\/p>\n\n\n
+---------------+---------------+<\/span>\n| UPPER(@str)   | uppercase     |\n+---------------+---------------+<\/span>\n| Binary String | BINARY STRING |\n+---------------+---------------+<\/span>\n1 row in set<\/span> (0.00<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> (<\/span>sql<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
As clearly shown from the output, the UPPER()<\/code> function has no effect on the binary string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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  • Use the MySQL UPPER()<\/code> function to convert a string to uppercase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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