{"id":6385,"date":"2017-07-16T02:41:15","date_gmt":"2017-07-16T09:41:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=6385"},"modified":"2023-12-31T02:55:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-31T09:55:47","slug":"mysql-minus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-minus\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL MINUS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how about SQL <code>MINUS<\/code> operator and how to simulate <code>MINUS<\/code> in MySQL using join.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"note\">Please note that MySQL supported the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-except\/\">EXCEPT<\/a><\/code> operator starting from version 8.0.31. The <code>EXCEPT<\/code> operator is equivalent to the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator. If you are using a lower version, you can refer to this tutorial to emulate the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to SQL MINUS operator<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>MINUS<\/code> operator is one of three set operators in the SQL standard that includes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-union\/\"><code>UNION<\/code><\/a>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-intersect\/\">INTERSECT<\/a><\/code>, and <code>MINUS<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>MINUS<\/code> compares the results of two queries and returns the rows from the result set of the first query that does not appear in the result set of the second query.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following illustrates the syntax of the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> select_list1 \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> table_name1\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MINUS<\/span> \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> select_list2 \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> table_name2;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The basic rules for queries that use the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator are the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The number and order of columns in both <code>select_list1<\/code> and <code>select_list2<\/code> must be the same.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-data-types\/\">data types<\/a> of the corresponding columns in both queries must be compatible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose that we have two tables <code>t1<\/code> and <code>t2<\/code> with the following structure and data:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> t1 (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span> PRIMARY <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">KEY<\/span>\n);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> t2 (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span> PRIMARY <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">KEY<\/span>\n);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> t1 <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>);\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> t2 <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following query returns distinct values from the query of the <code>t1<\/code> table that is not found in the result of the query of the <code>t2<\/code> table.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> t1\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MINUS<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> t2; <\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"518\" height=\"177\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/MySQL-MINUS-Example.png\" alt=\"MySQL MINUS Example\" class=\"wp-image-6386\" title=\"MySQL MINUS Example\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/MySQL-MINUS-Example.png 518w, https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/MySQL-MINUS-Example-300x103.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following Venn diagram illustrates the <code>MINUS<\/code> operation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"449\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/MySQL-MINUS.png\" alt=\"MySQL MINUS Operator Illustration\" class=\"wp-image-6387\" title=\"MySQL MINUS Operator Illustration\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/MySQL-MINUS.png 449w, https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/MySQL-MINUS-300x174.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, MySQL does not support <code>MINUS<\/code> operator in the before version 8.0.31. However, you can use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-join\/\">join<\/a> to emulate it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MySQL MINUS operator emulation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To emulate the <code>MINUS<\/code> of two queries, you use the following syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    select_list\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n    table1\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LEFT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">JOIN<\/span> table2 \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ON<\/span> join_predicate\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> \n    table2.column_name <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>; <\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example, the following query uses the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-left-join\/\">LEFT JOIN<\/a><\/code> clause to return the same result as the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n    t1\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LEFT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">JOIN<\/span>\n    t2 <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">USING<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n    t2.id <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, you have learned about the SQL MINUS operator and how to emulate the MINUS operator in MySQL using <code>LEFT JOIN<\/code> clause.<\/p>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful? <\/div>\n\t\t<div 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