{"id":548,"date":"2009-12-27T13:37:15","date_gmt":"2009-12-27T13:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=548"},"modified":"2020-04-11T02:02:51","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T09:02:51","slug":"mysql-trigger-implementation-aspx","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-triggers\/mysql-trigger-implementation-aspx\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL Triggers Implementation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn about <strong>MySQL triggers <\/strong><b>implementation<\/b>. In addition, we will show you how MySQL stores the triggers and the limitations of triggers in MySQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to MySQL triggers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In MySQL, a trigger is a set of SQL statements that is invoked automatically when a change is made to the data on the associated table. A trigger can be defined to be invoked either before or after the data is changed by <a title=\"Inserting Data into Table\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-insert\/\">INSERT<\/a>, <a title=\"Updating Data by Using SQL UPDATE statement\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-update\/\">UPDATE <\/a> or <a title=\"Deleting Records from Tables by Using MySQL Delete\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-delete\/\">DELETE <\/a>statement. Before MySQL version 5.7.2, you can to define maximum six triggers for each table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><code>BEFORE INSERT<\/code> &#8211; activated before data is inserted into the table.<\/li><li><code>AFTER INSERT<\/code> &#8211; activated after data is inserted into the table.<\/li><li><code>BEFORE UPDATE<\/code> &#8211; activated before data in the table is updated.<\/li><li><code>AFTER UPDATE<\/code> &#8211; activated after data in the table is updated.<\/li><li><code>BEFORE DELETE<\/code> &#8211; activated before data is removed from the table.<\/li><li><code>AFTER DELETE<\/code> &#8211; activated after data is removed from the table.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However, from MySQL version 5.7.2+, you can define <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-triggers\/create-multiple-triggers-for-the-same-trigger-event-and-action-time\/\">multiple triggers for the same trigger event and action&nbsp;time<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you use a statement&nbsp;that&nbsp;does&nbsp;not use <code>INSERT<\/code>, <code>DELETE<\/code> or <code>UPDATE<\/code> statement to change data in a table, the triggers associated with the table&nbsp;are&nbsp;not invoked. For example, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-truncate-table\/\">TRUNCATE<\/a> statement removes all&nbsp;data of a table but does not invoke the trigger associated with that table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are some statements that use the <code>INSERT<\/code> statement behind the scenes such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-replace\/\">REPLACE statement<\/a>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/import-csv-file-mysql-table\/\">LOAD DATA<\/a> statement. If you use these statements, the corresponding triggers associated with the table are&nbsp;invoked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You must use a unique name for each trigger associated with a table. However, you can have the same trigger name defined&nbsp;for different tables&nbsp;though&nbsp;it is a good practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You should name the&nbsp;triggers using the&nbsp;following naming convention:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">(BEFORE | AFTER)_tableName_(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span>| <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DELETE<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example, <code>before_order_update<\/code> is a trigger invoked before&nbsp;a row in the <code>order<\/code> table is updated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following naming convention is as good as the one above.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">tablename_(BEFORE | AFTER)_(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span>| <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DELETE<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>For example, <code>order_before_update<\/code> is the same as <code>before_order_update<\/code> trigger above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MySQL triggers storage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>MySQL stores triggers in a data directory e.g., <code>\/data\/classicmodels\/<\/code> with the files named <code>tablename.TRG<\/code> and <code> triggername.TRN<\/code> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <code>tablename.TRG<\/code> file maps the trigger to the corresponding table.<\/li><li>the <code>triggername.TRN<\/code> file contains the trigger definition.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You can back up the MySQL triggers by copying the trigger files to the backup folder. You can also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-administration\/mysqldump\/\">backup the triggers using the <em>mysqldump <\/em>tool<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MySQL trigger limitations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>MySQL triggers cover all features defined in the standard SQL. However, there are some limitations that you should know before using them in your applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MySQL triggers cannot:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Use <code>SHOW<\/code>, <code>LOAD DATA<\/code>, <code>LOAD TABLE<\/code>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-administration\/mysqldump\/\">BACKUP DATABASE<\/a>, <code>RESTORE<\/code>, <code>FLUSH<\/code> and <code>RETURN<\/code> statements.<\/li><li>Use statements that commit or rollback implicitly or explicitly such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-stored-procedure\/mysql-transactions\/\">COMMIT , ROLLBACK , START TRANSACTION<\/a> , <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-table-locking\/\">LOCK\/UNLOCK TABLES<\/a> , ALTER , CREATE , DROP , &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-rename-table\/\">RENAME<\/a>.<\/li><li>Use <a title=\"MySQL Prepared Statement\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-stored-procedure\/mysql-prepared-statement\/\">prepared statements<\/a> such as <code>PREPARE<\/code>and&nbsp;<code>EXECUTE<\/code>.<\/li><li>Use dynamic SQL statements.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>From MySQL version 5.1.4, a trigger can call a <a title=\"MySQL Stored Procedure\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-stored-procedure\/\">stored procedure<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-stored-procedure\/mysql-stored-function\/\">stored function<\/a>, which was a limitation is the previous versions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, we have shown you how triggers are implemented in MySQL. We also discussed trigger&#8217;s storage as well as trigger&#8217;s limitations in MySQL.<\/p>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful? <\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"548\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-triggers\/mysql-trigger-implementation-aspx\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"MySQL Triggers Implementation\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block w-full h-full\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\"> Yes <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"548\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-triggers\/mysql-trigger-implementation-aspx\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"MySQL Triggers Implementation\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-no-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17\"\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\"> No <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/header>\n\n\t<div class=\"wth-form hidden\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-form-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wth-title\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<textarea class=\"wth-message\"><\/textarea>\n\n\t\t\t<button class=\"btn btn-primary wth-btn-submit\">Send<\/button>\n\t\t\t<button class=\"btn wth-btn-cancel\">Cancel<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This tutorial introduces you to MySQL triggers implementation. In addition, we will show you how MySQL stores trigger definitions and the limitations of  triggers in MySQL.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":372,"parent":544,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-548","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MySQL Triggers Implementation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this tutorial, you will learn about MySQL triggers implementation. 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