{"id":3375,"date":"2014-10-28T19:10:07","date_gmt":"2014-10-29T03:10:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=3375"},"modified":"2023-12-31T01:36:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-31T08:36:48","slug":"mysql-compare-rows-within-the-same-table","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-compare-rows-within-the-same-table\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Compare Successive Rows within the Same Table in MySQL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to compare successive rows within the same table in MySQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Setting up sample data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-create-table\/\">create a new table<\/a> called <code>inventory<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> inventory(\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span> AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">KEY<\/span>,\n  counted_date <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">date<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>,\n  item_no <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>,\n  qty <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In the <code>inventory<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The&nbsp;<code>id<\/code> is an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-auto_increment\/\">auto-increment<\/a> column.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>counted_date<\/code> is the counted\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-date\/\">date<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<code>item_no<\/code> is the item code posted to inventory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<code>qty<\/code> is the accumulated on-hand quantity in inventory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-insert-multiple-rows\/\">insert some rows<\/a> into the <span style=\"font-family: monospace;\"><code>inventory<\/code><\/span>\u00a0table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> inventory(counted_date,item_no,qty)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2014-10-01'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'A'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>),\n\t   (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2014-10-02'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'A'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>),\n\t   (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2014-10-03'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'A'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">45<\/span>),\n\t   (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2014-10-04'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'A'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">80<\/span>),\n\t   (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2014-10-05'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'A'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Third, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-select-from\/\">retrieve data<\/a> from the <code>inventory<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">SELECT * FROM inventory;<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">+----+--------------+---------+-----+\r\n| id | counted_date | item_no | qty |\r\n+----+--------------+---------+-----+\r\n|  <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-01<\/span>   | A       |  <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span> |\r\n|  <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-01<\/span>   | A       |  <span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span> |\r\n|  <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-01<\/span>   | A       |  <span class=\"hljs-number\">45<\/span> |\r\n|  <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-01<\/span>   | A       |  <span class=\"hljs-number\">80<\/span> |\r\n|  <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-01<\/span>   | A       | <span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span> |\r\n+----+--------------+---------+-----+\r\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> rows <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (0.00 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>If you want to determine the received quantity of item A of a particular day, you need to compare the on-hand quantity of that day with its preceding day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, you need to compare each row with its consecutive row in the <code>inventory<\/code> table to calculate the difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparing the current row with the next row within the same table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-cte\/\">Common Table Expression<\/a> (CTE) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-window-functions\/mysql-lag-function\/\">LAG<\/a> window function to calculate the received quantity of items per day by comparing the on-hand quantity of a particular day with its successive day:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WITH<\/span> cte <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> (\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    item_no, \n    counted_date from_date, \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LEAD<\/span>(counted_date, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> ( <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> counted_date) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">to_date<\/span>, \n    qty, \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LEAD<\/span>(qty, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> counted_date) new_qty \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n    inventory\n) \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  item_no, \n  from_date, \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">to_date<\/span>, \n  (new_qty - qty) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> received_qty \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n  cte \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">to_date<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">+---------+------------+------------+--------------+\r\n| item_no | from_date  | to_date    | received_qty |\r\n+---------+------------+------------+--------------+\r\n| A       | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-01<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-02<\/span> |           <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span> |\r\n| A       | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-02<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-03<\/span> |           <span class=\"hljs-number\">15<\/span> |\r\n| A       | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-03<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-04<\/span> |           <span class=\"hljs-number\">35<\/span> |\r\n| A       | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-04<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-number\">2014<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-10<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">-05<\/span> |           <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span> |\r\n+---------+------------+------------+--------------+\r\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span> rows <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (0.00 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, define the <code>cte<\/code> common table expression to simplify the subsequent query:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WITH<\/span> cte <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> (\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    item_no, \n    counted_date from_date, \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LEAD<\/span>(counted_date, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> ( <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> counted_date) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">to_date<\/span>, \n    qty, \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LEAD<\/span>(qty, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> counted_date) new_qty \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n    inventory\n) <\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The CTE selects the following columns from the inventory table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>item_no<\/code>: The item number.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>counted_date<\/code>: The date of counting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>LEAD(counted_date, 1) OVER (ORDER BY counted_date) AS TO_DATE<\/code>: It uses the <code>LEAD<\/code> window function to get the next <code>counted_date<\/code> order by <code>counted_date<\/code>, which returns the <code>to_date<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>qty<\/code>: The number of items on the current day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>LEAD(qty, 1) OVER (ORDER BY counted_date) AS new_qty<\/code>:  It uses the <code>LEAD<\/code> window function to get the number of items on the next day, which returns the <code>new_qty<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, retrieve data from the <code>cte<\/code> to form the desired result set:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \r\n  item_no, \r\n  from_date, \r\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">to_date<\/span>, \r\n  (new_qty - qty) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> received_qty \r\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \r\n  cte \r\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> \r\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">to_date<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The query selects columns from the <code>cte<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>item_no<\/code>: The item number.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>from_date<\/code>: The counted date, which is considered as the starting date.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>to_date<\/code>: The counted date of the next day, obtained using the <code>LEAD<\/code> function in the CTE.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>new_qty - qty AS received_qty<\/code>: Calculates the received quantity by subtracting the current day&#8217;s quantity (<code>qty<\/code>) from the next day&#8217;s quantity (<code>new_qty<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>WHERE to_date IS NOT NULL<\/code>: Filters the results to exclude the last day where there is no next day.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use a <code>CTE<\/code> and <code>LAG<\/code> window function to compare successive rows within the same table.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful? <\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"3375\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-compare-rows-within-the-same-table\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"How to Compare Successive Rows within the Same Table in MySQL\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block w-full h-full\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 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