{"id":3086,"date":"2014-01-10T18:45:08","date_gmt":"2014-01-11T02:45:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=3086"},"modified":"2023-10-23T01:32:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T08:32:00","slug":"mysql-natural-sorting","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-natural-sorting\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL Natural Sorting"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to sort data using the natural sorting technique in MySQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is natural sorting?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Natural sorting, also known as &#8220;human sorting&#8221; or &#8220;alphanumeric sorting,&#8221; is a way of arranging data that appears more intuitive to humans, particularly when dealing with data that includes a mix of numbers and text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Natural sorting orders items based on their value as a human would expect, rather than treating them purely as strings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typically, natural sorting follows these principles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sort Numerical Values First.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Then sort Text Values Second.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ignore letter cases and leading zeros.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, sort symbols and special Characters using their ASCII or Unicode values.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Setting up a sample table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-create-table\/\">create a new table<\/a> named <code>items<\/code> to store sample data:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> items (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span> AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">KEY<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">255<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>items<\/code> table has two columns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>id<\/code>: This column uniquely identifies each row in the <code>items<\/code> table. It has the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-auto_increment\/\">AUTO_INCREMENT<\/a><\/code> attribute that automatically generates a sequential number when you insert a new row into the table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>name<\/code>: This column stores the name of each item.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-insert-multiple-rows\/\">insert some rows<\/a> into the <code>items<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> items(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'1'<\/span>),\n       (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'1C'<\/span>),\n       (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'10Z'<\/span>),\n       (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2A'<\/span>),\n       (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2'<\/span>),\n       (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'3C'<\/span>),\n       (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'20D'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Third, query data from the <code>items<\/code> table sorted by the values in the <code>name<\/code> column:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span> \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n  items \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">+------+\r\n| name |\r\n+------+\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>    |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>Z  |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>C   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>    |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>D  |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>A   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>C   |\r\n+------+\r\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span> rows <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (0.00 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The result set may not be what we expected. We expect to have the sorted result set like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">+------+\r\n| name |\r\n+------+\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>    |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>C   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>    |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>A   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>C   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>Z  |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>D  |\r\n+------+\r\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span> rows <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (0.00 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, MySQL does not provide any built-in natural sorting syntax or function. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To perform a natural sorting, you can use various techniques. The following example shows how to use regular expressions to perform natural sorting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MySQL natural sorting using regular expressions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, split the name column into two parts using the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-regular-expressions\/mysql-regexp_substr\/\">REGEXP_SUBSTR()<\/a> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">SELECT\n  name, \n  CAST(REGEXP_SUBSTR(name, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'^\\\\d+'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> SIGNED) prefix, \n  REGEXP_SUBSTR(name, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'\\\\D$'<\/span>) suffix \nFROM\n  items;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">+------+--------+--------+\r\n| name | prefix | suffix |\r\n+------+--------+--------+\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>    |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>C   |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> | C      |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>Z  |     <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span> | Z      |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>A   |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> | A      |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>    |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>C   |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span> | C      |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>D  |     <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span> | D      |\r\n+------+--------+--------+\r\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span> rows in set (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.00<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this example, we use regular expressions to split the values in the <code>name<\/code> column into numerical and alphabetical parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The pattern <code>'^\\\\d+'<\/code> matches one or more digits at the beginning of a string.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The pattern <code>'\\\\D$'<\/code> matches one or more non-digit characters at the end of a string.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the <code>REGEXP_SUBSTR()<\/code> function returns a string, we use the <code>CAST<\/code> to convert it to an integer for the prefix column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result, the <code>prefix<\/code> column stores the number part and <code>suffix<\/code> column stores the alphabetical part of the values in the <code>name<\/code> column. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, sort the values in the <code>name<\/code> column by the <code>prefix<\/code> and <code>suffix<\/code> columns:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>, \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CAST<\/span>(\n    REGEXP_SUBSTR(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'^\\\\d+'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> SIGNED\n  ) prefix, \n  REGEXP_SUBSTR(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'\\\\D$'<\/span>) suffix \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n  items \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> \n  prefix, \n  suffix;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">+------+--------+--------+\r\n| name | prefix | suffix |\r\n+------+--------+--------+\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>    |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>C   |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> | C      |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>    |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>A   |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span> | A      |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>C   |      <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span> | C      |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>Z  |     <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span> | Z      |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>D  |     <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span> | D      |\r\n+------+--------+--------+\r\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span> rows in set (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.01<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The query first sorts data numerically and then alphabetically. We get the expected result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you don&#8217;t want to have the <code>prefix<\/code> and <code>suffix<\/code> columns in the output, you can remove it as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span> \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n  items \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CAST<\/span>(\n    REGEXP_SUBSTR(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'^\\\\d+'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> SIGNED\n  ), \n  REGEXP_SUBSTR(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'\\\\D$'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">+------+\r\n| name |\r\n+------+\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>    |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>C   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>    |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>A   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>C   |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>Z  |\r\n| <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>D  |\r\n+------+\r\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span> rows <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (0.00 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"note\">Notice that some programming languages support natural sorting functions e.g., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/php-mysql\/\">PHP<\/a> provides the <a title=\"PHP natsort\" href=\"http:\/\/www.php.net\/manual\/en\/function.natsort.php\">natsort() function<\/a> that sorts an array using a natural sorting algorithm<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Split data into parts and sort the parts to achieve natural sorting in MySQL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" 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