{"id":199,"date":"2009-12-27T09:43:01","date_gmt":"2009-12-27T09:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=199"},"modified":"2023-10-08T03:25:04","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T10:25:04","slug":"mysql-in","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-in\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL IN"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use MySQL <code>IN<\/code> operator to determine if a specified value matches any value in a list of values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to the MySQL IN operator<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>IN<\/code> operator allows you to determine if a value matches any value in a list of values. Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>IN<\/code> operator:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">value IN (value1, value2, value3,...)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>IN<\/code> operator returns 1 (true) if the <code>value<\/code> equals any value in the list (<code>value1<\/code>, <code>value2<\/code>, <code>value3<\/code>,&#8230;). Otherwise, it returns 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, specify the value to test on the left side of the <code>IN<\/code> operator. The value can be a column or an expression.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, specify a comma-separated list of values to match in the parentheses. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>IN<\/code> operator is functionally equivalent to a combination of multiple <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-or\/\">OR<\/a><\/code> operators:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">value = value1 OR value = value2 OR value = value3 OR ...<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following example returns 1 because 1 is in the list:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">SELECT 1 IN (1,2,3);<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">+--------------+\n| 1 IN (1,2,3) |\n+--------------+\n|            1 |\n+--------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following example returns 0 because 4 is not in the list:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">SELECT 4 IN (1,2,3);<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">+--------------+\n| 4 IN (1,2,3) |\n+--------------+\n|            0 |\n+--------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In practice, you&#8217;ll use the <code>IN<\/code> operator to form conditions in a <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-where\/\">WHERE<\/a><\/code> clause of the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-select-from\/\">SELECT<\/a><\/code>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-delete\/\">DELETE<\/a><\/code>, and <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-update\/\">UPDATE<\/a><\/code> statements. Also, you&#8217;ll use the <code>IN<\/code>  operator in a query that contains a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-subquery\/\">subquery<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MySQL IN operator and NULL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Generally, the <code>IN<\/code> operator returns <code>NULL<\/code> in two cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <code>value<\/code> on the left side of the operator is NULL.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The value doesn&#8217;t equal any value in the list and one of the values in the list is NULL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example returns NULL because the value of the left side of the IN operator is NULL:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">SELECT <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span> IN (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">+-----------------+\n| NULL IN (1,2,3) |\n+-----------------+\n|            NULL |\n+-----------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following example also returns NULL because the 0 is not equal to any value in the list and the list has one NULL:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">SELECT <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span> IN (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> , <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">+-----------------------+\n| 0 IN (1 , 2, 3, NULL) |\n+-----------------------+\n|                  NULL |\n+-----------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following example also returns NULL because NULL is not equal to any value in the list and the list has one NULL. Note that NULL is not equal to NULL.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">SELECT <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span> IN (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> , <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NULL<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MySQL IN operator examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>See the following <code>offices<\/code> table from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/getting-started-with-mysql\/mysql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/offices.svg\" alt=\"MySQL IN Operator - Sample Table\" class=\"wp-image-10782\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>IN<\/code> operator to find the&nbsp;offices&nbsp;located in the USA and France:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    officeCode, \n    city, \n    phone, \n    country\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n    offices\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n    country <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IN<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'USA'<\/span> , <span class=\"hljs-string\">'France'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a class=\"sql\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/tryit\/query\/mysql-in\/#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Try It Out<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">+------------+---------------+-----------------+---------+\n| officeCode | city          | phone           | country |\n+------------+---------------+-----------------+---------+\n| 1          | San Francisco | +1 650 219 4782 | USA     |\n| 2          | Boston        | +1 215 837 0825 | USA     |\n| 3          | NYC           | +1 212 555 3000 | USA     |\n| 4          | Paris         | +33 14 723 4404 | France  |\n+------------+---------------+-----------------+---------+\n4 rows in set (0.01 sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>You can also get the same result with the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-or\/\">OR<\/a><\/code> operator like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    officeCode, \n    city, \n    phone\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n    offices\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n    country = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'USA'<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OR<\/span> country = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'France'<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a class=\"sql\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/tryit\/query\/mysql-in\/#2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Try It Out<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In case the list has many values, you need to construct a very long statement with multiple <code>OR<\/code>&nbsp;operators. Hence, the <code>IN<\/code> operator allows you to shorten the query and make it more readable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>IN<\/code> operator to check if a value is in a set of values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the <code>IN<\/code>  operator to form a condition for the <code>WHERE<\/code> clause.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful? <\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"199\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-in\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"MySQL IN\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block w-full h-full\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\"> Yes <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"199\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-basics\/mysql-in\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"MySQL IN\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-no-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17\"\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\"> No <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/header>\n\n\t<div class=\"wth-form hidden\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-form-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wth-title\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<textarea class=\"wth-message\"><\/textarea>\n\n\t\t\t<button class=\"btn btn-primary wth-btn-submit\">Send<\/button>\n\t\t\t<button class=\"btn wth-btn-cancel\">Cancel<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You will learn how to use MySQL IN operator to determine if a value matches any value in a list of values.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":174,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-199","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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