{"id":12105,"date":"2023-11-06T00:40:56","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T07:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=12105"},"modified":"2023-11-06T00:49:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T07:49:47","slug":"mysql-json_merge_patch","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-json\/mysql-json_merge_patch\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL JSON_MERGE_PATCH() Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the MySQL <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function to merge two or more JSON documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to MySQL JSON_MERGE_PATCH() function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function merges two or more JSON documents into a single JSON document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">JSON_MERGE_PATCH(json_doc, json_doc&#91;, json_doc] ...)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>json_doc<\/code>: This is the JSON document that you want to merge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function returns a merged JSON document while discarding duplicate keys. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function raises an error if at least one of the JSON documents passed as arguments is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-json\/mysql-json_valid\/\">invalid<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"note\">Note that the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function performs a merge operation that follows the <a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc7396\">RFC 7396 standard<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function uses the following rules for merging JSON documents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) If the first argument is not an object, the result is the same as if an empty object had been merged with the second argument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) If the second argument is not an object, the function returns the second argument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) If both arguments are objects, the function returns a JSON object with the following members:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>All members from the first object without corresponding members in the second object.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All members from the second object without corresponding keys in the first object, excluding those with a value of JSON null.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Members with keys that exist in both the first and second objects, where the value in the second object is not JSON null. The values result from recursively merging the corresponding values in the first and second objects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The MySQL JSON_MERGE_PATCH() function examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at some examples to understand how the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) The first argument is not an object<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function to merge an array with an object:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  JSON_MERGE_PATCH(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'&#91;1,2]'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"name\": \"John Doe\"}'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('&#91;1,2]','{\"name\": \"John Doe\"}') |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n| {\"name\": \"John Doe\"}                             |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n1 row in <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.01<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) The second argument is not an object<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function to merge an object with an array, which results in the array:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  JSON_MERGE_PATCH(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"name\": \"John Doe\"}'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'&#91;1,2]'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{\"name\": \"John Doe\"}', '&#91;1,2]') |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n| &#91;1, 2]                                            |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n1 row in <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.01<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) Both arguments are objects<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function to merge two objects with different keys. The result JSON document is an object that contains all the keys of the merging objects:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  JSON_MERGE_PATCH(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"name\": \"John Doe\"}'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"age\": 22}'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{\"name\": \"John Doe\"}', '{\"age\": 22}') |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n| {\"age\": 22, \"name\": \"John Doe\"}                         |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n1 row in <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.00<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4) Both arguments are objects, the first object has a key with null<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function to merge two objects. Both objects have the same key age but the first object has a value of null while the second one has a non-null value:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  JSON_MERGE_PATCH(\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"name\": \"John Doe\", \"age\": null}'<\/span>, \n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"age\": 22}'<\/span>\n  ) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------+<\/span>\n| result                          |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------+<\/span>\n| {\"age\": 22, \"name\": \"John Doe\"} |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------+<\/span>\n1 row in <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.00<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5) Removing a member<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example also uses the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function to remove a member of the object in the first JSON document by specifying a null value for the object in the second argument:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  JSON_MERGE_PATCH(\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"name\": \"John Doe\", \"age\": 22}'<\/span>, \n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"age\": null }'<\/span>\n  ) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----------------------+<\/span>\n| result               |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----------------------+<\/span>\n| {\"name\": \"John Doe\"} |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----------------------+<\/span>\n1 row in <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.00<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6) Recursive Merging<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example also uses the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function to merge nested JSON documents:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  JSON_MERGE_PATCH(\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"person\" : {\"name\": \"John Doe\"}}'<\/span>, \n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"person\" : {\"age\": 22} }'<\/span>\n  ) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-13\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n| result                                      |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n| {\"person\": {\"age\": 22, \"name\": \"John Doe\"}} |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---------------------------------------------+<\/span>\n1 row in <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.00<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-13\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>JSON_MERGE_PATCH()<\/code> function to perform an RFC 7396 compliant merge of two or more JSON documents, returning a merged JSON document while discarding duplicate keys.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful? <\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"12105\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-json\/mysql-json_merge_patch\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"MySQL JSON_MERGE_PATCH() Function\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 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documents.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":11973,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12105","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MySQL JSON_MERGE_PATCH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this tutorial, you will learn how to use the MySQL JSON_MERGE_PATCH() function to merge two or more JSON documents.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-json\/mysql-json_merge_patch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MySQL JSON_MERGE_PATCH\" \/>\n<meta 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