{"id":10965,"date":"2023-10-10T18:17:09","date_gmt":"2023-10-11T01:17:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=10965"},"modified":"2024-01-28T06:15:45","modified_gmt":"2024-01-28T13:15:45","slug":"mysql-concat_ws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-string-functions\/mysql-concat_ws\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL CONCAT_WS() Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the MySQL <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> function to concatenate strings into a single string, separated by a specified delimiter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to MySQL CONCAT_WS function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> stands for <strong>Concat<\/strong>enate <strong>W<\/strong>ith <strong>S<\/strong>eparator. The <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> function concatenates multiple strings into a single string separated by a specified separator. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">CONCAT_WS(separator, string1, string2, string3, ...)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>separator<\/code>: This is a separator that you use to separate the strings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>string1<\/code>, <code>string2<\/code>, <code>string3<\/code>, ..: The strings that you want to concatenate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> returns a single string that combines the <code>string1<\/code>, <code>string2<\/code>, <code>string3<\/code>&#8230; separated by the separator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the separator is <code>NULL<\/code>, the <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> will return <code>NULL<\/code>. The <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> function does not skip empty strings. But if does skip any <code>NULL<\/code> strings (<code>string1<\/code>, <code>string2<\/code>, <code>string3<\/code>&#8230;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, you use the <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> function to combine values from different columns with a custom separator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MySQL CONCAT_WS function examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s take some examples of using the <code>CONCAT_WS()<\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) Simple CONCAT_WS function example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>CONCAT_WS()<\/code> function to concatenate two strings with a comma:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CONCAT_WS<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">','<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Doe'<\/span>) full_name;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-----------+<\/span>\n| full_name |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-----------+<\/span>\n| John,Doe  |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-----------+<\/span>\n1 row in <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.00<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this example, we use the <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> function to combine the strings <code>'John'<\/code> and <code>'Doe'<\/code> with a comma separator. The result is the string <code>'John,Doe'<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) Using the CONCAT_WS with the table data<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll use the <code>employees<\/code> from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/getting-started-with-mysql\/mysql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a> for the demonstration:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/employees.svg\" alt=\"employees table demo for concat_ws function\" class=\"wp-image-10759\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> to concatenate values from the <code>firstName<\/code> and <code>lastName<\/code> columns of the <code>employees<\/code> table using a space as a separator: <\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CONCAT_WS<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">' '<\/span>, firstName, lastName) full_name\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> employees\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> lastName;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-------------------+<\/span>\n| full_name         |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-------------------+<\/span>\n| Gerard Bondur     |\n| Loui Bondur       |\n| Larry Bott        |\n| Anthony Bow       |\n| Pamela Castillo   |\n...<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The query returns a result set with a single column <code>full_name<\/code> containing the full names of all employees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) Using CONCAT_WS function with NULL values<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider the following <code>customers<\/code> table in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/getting-started-with-mysql\/mysql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/customers.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10765\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses the <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> function to concatenate the city and state of the customers into a single string with the comma as a separator:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n  customerName, \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CONCAT_WS<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">','<\/span>, city, state) address \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n  customers \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> \n  customerName;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------------------------------+---------------------------+<\/span>\n| customerName                       | address                   |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------------------------------+---------------------------+<\/span>\n| Alpha Cognac                       | Toulouse                  |\n| American Souvenirs Inc             | New Haven,CT              |\n| Amica Models &amp; Co.                 | Torino                    |\n| ANG Resellers                      | Madrid                    |\n| Anna's Decorations, Ltd            | North Sydney,NSW          |\n| Anton Designs, Ltd.                | Madrid                    |\n| Asian Shopping Network, Co         | Singapore                 |\n| Asian Treasures, Inc.              | Cork,Co. Cork             |<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this example, when the state is <code>NULL<\/code>, the <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> skips it in the result string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> function to concatenate multiple strings into a single string separated by a specified separator.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>CONCAT_WS<\/code> function skips <code>NULL<\/code> values.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful? <\/div>\n\t\t<div 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