{"id":10830,"date":"2023-10-08T18:23:21","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T01:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/?page_id=10830"},"modified":"2023-11-09T18:04:25","modified_gmt":"2023-11-10T01:04:25","slug":"mysql-variance","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-aggregate-functions\/mysql-variance\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL VARIANCE() Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the MySQL <code>VARIANCE()<\/code> function to calculate the population variance of a set of values in a column of a table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to the MySQL VARIANCE() function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>By definition, a variance is an average of squared differences from the mean. To calculate the variance, you follow these steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, calculate the means of the numbers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, subtract the mean from the number and square the result. The result is called a squared difference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, calculate the average of the squared differences.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In MySQL, you use the <code>VARIANCE()<\/code> function to calculate the <strong>population variance<\/strong> of numbers in a column of a table. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>VARIANCE()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VARIANCE<\/span>(numeric_expression)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> table_name;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>numeric_exprssion<\/code>: The variance accepts an argument that can be a numeric expression or a numeric column. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>table_name<\/code>: The name of the table that contains the column.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If the <code>numeric_expression<\/code> is null or the column has no rows, the <code>VARIANCE()<\/code> function returns <code>NULL<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"note\">Note that the <code>VARIANCE()<\/code> function is equivalent to the <code>VAR_POP()<\/code> function. The <code>VAR_POP()<\/code> function is a standard SQL, whereas the <code>VARIANCE()<\/code> function is not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MySQL VARIANCE examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s take some examples of using the <code>VARIANCE()<\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) Simple VARIANCE function example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, create a new table called <code>apples<\/code> that has three columns <code>id<\/code>, <code>color<\/code>, and <code>weight<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> apples(\n   <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span> AUTO_INCREMENT,\n   color <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">255<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>,\n   weight <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">DECIMAL<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>,\n   PRIMARY <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">KEY<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span>)\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Second, insert some rows into the <code>apples<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> apples (color, weight) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Red'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.6<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Green'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.4<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Yellow'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.35<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Red'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.28<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Green'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.42<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Orange'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.38<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Red'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.31<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Purple'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.45<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Green'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.37<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Yellow'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.33<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Third, query data from the <code>apples<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> * <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> apples;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----+--------+--------+<\/span>\n| id | color  | weight |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----+--------+--------+<\/span>\n|  1 | Red    |   0.60 |\n|  2 | Green  |   0.40 |\n|  3 | Yellow |   0.35 |\n|  4 | Red    |   0.28 |\n|  5 | Green  |   0.42 |\n|  6 | Orange |   0.38 |\n|  7 | Red    |   0.31 |\n|  8 | Purple |   0.45 |\n|  9 | Green  |   0.37 |\n| 10 | Yellow |   0.33 |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----+--------+--------+<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Finally, calculate the population variance of the <code>weight<\/code> of the <code>apples<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> color, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VARIANCE<\/span>(weight)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> apples\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> color;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------+------------------------+<\/span>\n| color  | VARIANCE(weight)       |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------+------------------------+<\/span>\n| Red    |   0.020822222222222218 |\n| Green  |  0.0004222222222222221 |\n| Yellow | 0.00009999999999999934 |\n| Orange |                      0 |\n| Purple |                      0 |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------+------------------------+<\/span>\n5 rows in <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.00<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Here is how you interpret the variance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The low variance indicates that the weights are close to the mean suggesting less variability (yellow and green). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The high variance suggests that the weights are spread out from the mean indicating greater variability (red).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zero means there is no variance. The orange and purple apples have a single row, so the variance is zero.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) Using the VARIANCE function to calculate the variance of quantity in stock of products<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll use the <code>products<\/code> table from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/getting-started-with-mysql\/mysql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/products.svg\" alt=\"MySQL VARIANCE function\" class=\"wp-image-10788\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses the <code>VARIANCE<\/code> function to calculate the variance of the quantity in stock by product line:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  productLine, \n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CAST<\/span>(\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VARIANCE<\/span> (quantityInStock) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">DECIMAL<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>)\n  ) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  products \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  productLine \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------------+-------------+<\/span>\n| productLine      | var         |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------------+-------------+<\/span>\n| Ships            |  4243681.14 |\n| Trucks and Buses |  4855676.15 |\n| Planes           |  7335654.08 |\n| Classic Cars     |  8079830.03 |\n| Vintage Cars     |  8136973.06 |\n| Trains           |  8455640.22 |\n| Motorcycles      | 10638768.40 |\n+<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------------+-------------+<\/span>\n7 rows in <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">set<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.00<\/span> sec)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The output indicates that the stocks for <code>Ships<\/code> are fairly consistent or close to the average value for that product line while the stocks for <code>Motorcycles<\/code> have the greatest variability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the MySQL <code>VARIANCE()<\/code> function to calculate the variance of a set of values in a column of a table.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful? 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Introduction to the MySQL VARIANCE() function By definition, a variance is an average of squared differences from the mean. To calculate the variance, you follow [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":509,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10830","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MySQL VARIANCE() Function<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this tutorial, you will learn how to use the MySQL VARIANCE function to calculate the variance of a set of values in a column of a table.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-aggregate-functions\/mysql-variance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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