{"id":73692,"date":"2018-02-20T16:00:42","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T14:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/?p=73692"},"modified":"2018-02-20T11:08:25","modified_gmt":"2018-02-20T09:08:25","slug":"package-layer-spring-project-obsolete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/2018\/02\/package-layer-spring-project-obsolete.html","title":{"rendered":"Package by layer for Spring project is obsolete"},"content":{"rendered":"

I believe Spring application shouldn\u2019t be structured in package by layer approach. In my opinion, package by feature makes much more sense.<\/p>\n

First of all, let me describe each approach briefly.<\/p>\n

\u201cPackage by layer\u201d (\u201cFolder by type\u201d in non Java world)<\/h3>\n

This project structure groups source code files into packages\/directories based on architecture layer they belong to:<\/p>\n

.\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 net\r\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 lkrnac\r\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500 blog\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 Application.java\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 persistence\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectRepository.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserRepository.java\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 dto\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectDto.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserDto.java\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 model\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Project.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 User.java\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 service\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectService.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserService.java\r\n            \u2514\u2500\u2500 web\r\n                \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectController.java\r\n                \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserController.java<\/pre>\n
\u201cPackage by feature\u201d (\u201cFolder by feature\u201d in non Java world)<\/h3>\n
This approach on the other hand groups together files belonging to certain feature within the system:<\/p>\n
.\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 net\r\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 lkrnac\r\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500 blog\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 Application.java\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 project\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectController.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectDto.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Project.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectRepository.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 ProjectService.java\r\n            \u2514\u2500\u2500 user\r\n                \u251c\u2500\u2500 UserController.java\r\n                \u251c\u2500\u2500 UserDto.java\r\n                \u251c\u2500\u2500 User.java\r\n                \u251c\u2500\u2500 UserRepository.java\r\n                \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserService.java<\/pre>\n
Trends<\/h3>\n
This subject interested me for a long time.\u00a0 When I google \u201cpackage by layer\u201d vs \u201cpackage by feature\u201d or \u201cfolder by type\u201d vs \u201cfolder by feature\u201d, there seem to be growing camp of proponents of \u201cby feature\u201d structure. I am in this camp too.<\/p>\n
But not only application developers are proponents of it. Angular (one of the most prominent Single Page Application frameworks) is promoting such folder structure in their style guide<\/a>.
 
<\/div> <\/div><\/p>\n
Spring Project Structure<\/h3>\n
As there is plenty of reading about pros and cons of each approach out there, I will focus on implications for Spring project.<\/p>\n
Traditional structure of laying down Spring CRUD applications (if your back-end application is not using Spring Data REST) is divided into 3 layers: web\/service\/persistence. Vast majority of Java\/Spring projects I was working on followed this structure.<\/p>\n
Coupling<\/h3>\n
Package by layer most probably originates in previous century, where layered architectures were used as decoupling mechanism. In fact \u201cdecoupling\u201d was often the answer when I was challenging package by layer structure. I disagree. To me package by layer is one of the major reasons causing tight coupling.<\/p>\n
When you are writing signature for class in package by layer structured project, what keyword is the first? I bet it is public. Does public access modifier help decoupling?<\/strong> I guess nobody would answer<\/strong> yes<\/strong> to this question.<\/p>\n
Why developers are using public access modifier all over the place? It is exactly because the project is structured in by layer fashion. Repository class needs to be public, because it needs to be accessed from service package and service needs to be public because it needs to be accessed from web package. When everything is public, it is very hard to maintain the discipline which doesn\u2019t lead to big ball of mud.<\/p>\n
When using package by feature, package private UserRepository (it means no access modifier is specified) can\u2019t be used by other service than UserService, because they are in same package. And if we decide that only UserController should use UserService, we just make it package private, because they share same package.\u00a0 In such project structure most of the classes would be package private. Therefore developer should have very good reason to make class public.<\/p>\n
Scaling<\/h3>\n
What happens if project starts to have 10+ classes in web\/service\/persistence layer? Developers tend to group classes into sub-packages. But how do they categorize them? From my experience, it is mostly based on features. So we can often find such\u00a0structure in bigger projects:<\/p>\n
.\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 net\r\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 lkrnac\r\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500 blog\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 Application.java\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 dao\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ...other repositories...\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectRepository.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 user\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0     \u251c\u2500\u2500 UserRepository.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0     \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserRoleRepository.java\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 dto\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ...other DTOs...\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectDto.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 user\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0     \u251c\u2500\u2500 UserDto.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0     \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserRoleDto.java\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 model\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ...other models...\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Project.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 user\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0     \u251c\u2500\u2500 User.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0     \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserRole.java\r\n            \u251c\u2500\u2500 service\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ...other services...\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectService.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 user\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0     \u251c\u2500\u2500 UserRoleService.java\r\n            \u2502\u00a0\u00a0     \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserService.java\r\n            \u2514\u2500\u2500 web\r\n                \u251c\u2500\u2500 ...other controllers...\r\n                \u251c\u2500\u2500 ProjectController.java\r\n                \u2514\u2500\u2500 user\r\n                    \u251c\u2500\u2500 UserController.java\r\n                    \u2514\u2500\u2500 UserRoleController.java<\/pre>\n
Isn\u2019t this obvious madness?<\/p>\n
Future proof-ness<\/h3>\n
As bunch of smart people suggest, it might not be good idea to start green field project with micro-services architecture<\/a>. I agree. So it might be good idea to prepare your monolith for eventual separation into smaller projects if your application hits the growth.<\/p>\n
Imagine you would need to extract micro-service from your monolith project. Or split whole project into micro-services. I hope everybody understands that no sane micro-services architecture is separated by architectural layers. Separation based on features is used. So which project structure will be easier to separate into micro-services? The one, where any public class can use any other public class from any package (package by layer)? Or one, separated into package private buckets (package by feature)? I believe the answer is obvious.<\/p>\n
Conslusion<\/h3>\n
Package by feature is simple but very powerful mechanism for decoupling<\/strong>. So next time some layer obsessed developer will be defending package by layer project structure as decoupling mechanism, please correct her\/his misunderstanding. I believe dinosaur-ness <\/strong>is the only reason why package by layer still exists nowadays.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n\n
Published on Java Code Geeks with permission by Lubos Krnac, partner at our JCG program<\/a>. See the original article here: Package by layer for Spring project is obsolete<\/a><\/p>\n
Opinions expressed by Java Code Geeks contributors are their own.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I believe Spring application shouldn\u2019t be structured in package by layer approach. In my opinion, package by feature makes much more sense. First of all, let me describe each approach briefly. \u201cPackage by layer\u201d (\u201cFolder by type\u201d in non Java world) This project structure groups source code files into packages\/directories based on architecture layer they …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":534,"featured_media":240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[30],"class_list":["post-73692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enterprise-java","tag-spring"],"yoast_head":"\nPackage by layer for Spring project is obsolete - Java Code Geeks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I believe Spring application shouldn\u2019t be structured in package by layer approach. 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