web.xml<\/code> is no longer needed for configuring your web application and has been replaced by using annotations. In this article, we will look at how to deploy a simple Spring-based application without web.xml<\/code> to Tomcat 8.5.*.<\/p>\nCreating an Empty Application<\/h2>\n
Use the following command to create an empty web application using maven webapp archetype:<\/p>\n
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=info.sanaulla -DartifactId=spring-tomcat-sample \r\n -Dversion=1.0 -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp<\/pre>\nDelete the web.xml<\/code> created in src\\main\\webapp\\WEB-INF<\/code> and then we need to update the maven-war-plugin<\/code> not to fail if web.xml<\/code> is missing, this can be done by updating the plugin information in the build<\/code> tag as shown below:<\/p>\n<plugin>\r\n <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>maven-war-plugin<\/artifactId>\r\n <version>3.1.0<\/version>\r\n <executions>\r\n <execution>\r\n <id>default-war<\/id>\r\n <phase>prepare-package<\/phase>\r\n <configuration>\r\n <failOnMissingWebXml>false<\/failOnMissingWebXml>\r\n <\/configuration>\r\n <\/execution>\r\n <\/executions>\r\n<\/plugin><\/pre>\nSetting up dependencies<\/h2>\n
We would need the following dependencies added to the pom.xml<\/code>:<\/p>\n<dependency>\r\n <groupId>javax.servlet<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>javax.servlet-api<\/artifactId>\r\n <version>4.0.0<\/version>\r\n <scope>provided<\/scope>\r\n<\/dependency>\r\n<dependency>\r\n <groupId>org.springframework<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>spring-webmvc<\/artifactId>\r\n <version>${spring.version}<\/version>\r\n<\/dependency>\r\n<dependency>\r\n <groupId>org.springframework<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>spring-jdbc<\/artifactId>\r\n <version>${spring.version}<\/version>\r\n<\/dependency>\r\n<dependency>\r\n <groupId>org.thymeleaf<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5<\/artifactId>\r\n <version>${thymeleaf.version}<\/version>\r\n<\/dependency>\r\n<dependency>\r\n <groupId>nz.net.ultraq.thymeleaf<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>thymeleaf-layout-dialect<\/artifactId>\r\n <version>${thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version}<\/version>\r\n<\/dependency>\r\n<dependency>\r\n <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>jackson-databind<\/artifactId>\r\n <version>${jackson.version}<\/version>\r\n<\/dependency>\r\n<dependency>\r\n <groupId>com.h2database<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>h2<\/artifactId>\r\n <version>${h2.version}<\/version>\r\n<\/dependency>\r\n<dependency>\r\n <groupId>org.projectlombok<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>lombok<\/artifactId>\r\n <optional>true<\/optional>\r\n <version>${lombok.version}<\/version>\r\n<\/dependency><\/pre>\nAnd their corresponding version properties are given below:<\/p>\n
<properties>\r\n <maven.compiler.target>1.8<\/maven.compiler.target>\r\n <maven.compiler.source>1.8<\/maven.compiler.source>\r\n <java.version>1.8<\/java.version>\r\n\r\n <apache.commons.version>3.6<\/apache.commons.version>\r\n <h2.version>1.4.196<\/h2.version>\r\n <jackson.version>2.9.2<\/jackson.version>\r\n <lombok.version>1.16.18<\/lombok.version>\r\n <spring.version>5.0.0.RELEASE<\/spring.version>\r\n <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE<\/thymeleaf.version>\r\n <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.1<\/thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>\r\n<\/properties><\/pre>\nConfiguring H2 Embedded DB<\/h2>\n
Let us create a configuration bean for configuring our DataSource<\/code> which is Embedded H2 and creating a Bean<\/code> of type NamedParameterJdbcTemplate<\/code>: <\/div> <\/div><\/p>\n@Configuration\r\npublic class DBConfiguration {\r\n\r\n @Bean\r\n public DataSource dataSource() {\r\n return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()\r\n .generateUniqueName(false)\r\n .setName(\"testdb\")\r\n .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)\r\n .addDefaultScripts()\r\n .setScriptEncoding(\"UTF-8\")\r\n .ignoreFailedDrops(true)\r\n .build();\r\n }\r\n\r\n @Bean\r\n public NamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedParamJdbcTemplate() {\r\n NamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedParamJdbcTemplate = \r\n new NamedParameterJdbcTemplate(dataSource());\r\n return namedParamJdbcTemplate;\r\n }\r\n}<\/pre>\nThen we need a SQL script schema.sql<\/code> which will set up the tables and data.sql<\/code> will seed them with data each time the application is run. Let us create the corresponding files in src\/main\/resources<\/code>:<\/p>\n-- schema.sql\r\nDROP TABLE IF EXISTS person;\r\n\r\nCREATE TABLE person(\r\n id NUMERIC IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,\r\n first_name VARCHAR(512) NOT NULL,\r\n last_name VARCHAR(512) NOT NULL,\r\n date_of_birth TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,\r\n place_of_birth VARCHAR(512)\r\n);\r\n\r\n-- data.sql\r\nINSERT INTO person(first_name, last_name, date_of_birth, place_of_birth) \r\nVALUES ('First', 'Last', DATE '1990-02-21', 'Bangalore');\r\nINSERT INTO person(first_name, last_name, date_of_birth, place_of_birth) \r\nVALUES ('First2', 'Last2', DATE '1987-02-21', 'Mumbai');\r\nINSERT INTO person(first_name, last_name, date_of_birth, place_of_birth) \r\nVALUES ('First3', 'Last3', DATE '1996-02-21', 'Chennai');\r\nINSERT INTO person(first_name, last_name, date_of_birth, place_of_birth) \r\nVALUES ('First4', 'Last4', DATE '1978-02-21', 'Delhi');<\/pre>\nCreating an API Controller<\/h2>\n
Lets us create a model class Person<\/code>:<\/p>\n@Data\r\npublic class Person {\r\n private Integer id;\r\n private String firstName;\r\n private String lastName;\r\n private Date dateOfBirth;\r\n private String placeOfBirth;\r\n}<\/pre>\nAnd a corresponding DAO class PersonDAO<\/code>:<\/p>\n@Service\r\npublic class PersonDAO {\r\n\r\n @Autowired NamedParameterJdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;\r\n\r\n public List<Person> getPersons(){\r\n return jdbcTemplate.query(\"SELECT * FROM person\", \r\n (ResultSet rs, int rowNum) -> {\r\n Person p = new Person();\r\n p.setId(rs.getInt(\"id\"));\r\n p.setFirstName(rs.getString(\"first_name\"));\r\n p.setLastName(rs.getString(\"last_name\"));\r\n p.setDateOfBirth(rs.getDate(\"date_of_birth\"));\r\n p.setPlaceOfBirth(rs.getString(\"place_of_birth\"));\r\n return p;\r\n });\r\n }\r\n}<\/pre>\nThe API controller is as shown below:<\/p>\n
@RestController\r\n@RequestMapping(\"\/api\/persons\")\r\npublic class ApiController {\r\n\r\n @Autowired PersonDAO personDao;\r\n\r\n @GetMapping\r\n public ResponseEntity<?> getPersons(){\r\n return ResponseEntity.ok(personDao.getPersons());\r\n }\r\n}<\/pre>\nDeploying app to Tomcat<\/h2>\n
I assume that you have downloaded Tomcat and extracted to your file system. For development purpose, I prefer to update server.xml<\/code> to configure the context and point to the exploded war directory as shown below:<\/p>\n<Context path=\"\/sample\" reloadable=\"true\" \r\n docBase=\"G:\\samples\\spring-tomcat-sample\\target\\spring-tomcat-sample\" \/><\/pre>\nFor production-related deployments, you can upload the war on to the server.<\/p>\n
So once you start the server, you can verify if the app has been deployed correctly by visiting the API URL http:\/\/localhost:8080\/sample\/api\/persons<\/a> in the browser to get the data as shown below:
\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/11-1.png\")
<\/a><\/a><\/p>\nConfiguring Thymeleaf<\/h2>\n
Let us now configure Thymeleaf<\/a> as our templating engine to serve the UI for our application. Configuring it requires the following bean definitions:
\n\u2013 Technique for resolving the templates. There are many possibilities and we will use Classpath based template resolver
\n\u2013 Create an instance of SpringTemplateEngine<\/code> and set the template resolver technique
\n\u2013 Setup Spring\u2019s ViewResolver<\/code> to use the SpringTemplateEngine<\/code><\/p>\n@Configuration\r\npublic class ViewConfiguration {\r\n\r\n @Bean\r\n public ClassLoaderTemplateResolver templateResolver() {\r\n ClassLoaderTemplateResolver templateResolver = \r\n new ClassLoaderTemplateResolver();\r\n templateResolver.setPrefix(\"templates\/\");\r\n templateResolver.setSuffix(\".html\");\r\n templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);\r\n templateResolver.setCacheable(false);\r\n return templateResolver;\r\n }\r\n\r\n @Bean\r\n public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine() {\r\n SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = \r\n new SpringTemplateEngine();\r\n templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver());\r\n templateEngine.addDialect(new LayoutDialect());\r\n return templateEngine;\r\n }\r\n\r\n @Bean\r\n public ViewResolver viewResolver() {\r\n ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = \r\n new ThymeleafViewResolver();\r\n viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine());\r\n viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding(\"UTF-8\");\r\n return viewResolver;\r\n }\r\n\r\n}<\/pre>\nCreating View Controller<\/h2>\n
Let us create a simple controller which will serve our UI templates:<\/p>\n
@Controller\r\n@RequestMapping(\"\/\")\r\npublic class ViewController {\r\n\r\n @Autowired PersonDAO personDao;\r\n\r\n @GetMapping\r\n public String index(Model model) {\r\n model.addAttribute(\"persons\", personDao.getPersons());\r\n return \"index\";\r\n }\r\n}<\/pre>\nCreating a Thymeleaf Based Template<\/h2>\n
We need to create a template index.html<\/code> which is returned from the above controller:<\/p>\n<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n<html xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\" \r\n xmlns:th=\"http:\/\/www.thymeleaf.org\">\r\n <head>\r\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" \r\n href=\"https:\/\/bootswatch.com\/4\/cerulean\/bootstrap.min.css\" \/>\r\n <\/head>\r\n <body>\r\n <nav class=\"navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-primary\">\r\n <a class=\"navbar-brand\" href=\"#\">Spring on Tomcat<\/a>\r\n <\/nav>\r\n <div class=\"container\">\r\n <div class=\"page-header\"><h1>Spring on Tomcat<\/h1><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <div class=\"col\">\r\n <ul class=\"list-group\">\r\n <li class=\"list-group-item\" th:each=\"p : ${persons}\">\r\n [[${p.firstName}]] [[${p.lastName}]], \r\n Date Of Birth: [[${#dates.format(p.dateOfBirth, 'dd\/MMM\/yyyy')}]]\r\n Place: [[${p.placeOfBirth}]]\r\n <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/bootswatch.com\/_vendor\/jquery\/dist\/jquery.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/bootswatch.com\/_vendor\/popper.js\/dist\/umd\/popper.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/bootswatch.com\/_vendor\/bootstrap\/dist\/js\/bootstrap.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n <\/body>\r\n<\/html><\/pre>\nConclusion<\/h2>\n
In this article, we looked at configuring a simple Spring MVC based application without web.xml<\/code> (without using Spring Boot) and deploying it to Tomcat. We also configured Thymeleaf<\/code> to render our UI templates. The complete code for this can be found here<\/a><\/p>\n\n
![<\/a><\/p>\nConfiguring Thymeleaf<\/h2>\nLet us now configure Thymeleaf<\/a> as our templating engine to serve the UI for our application. Configuring it requires the following bean definitions:\n\u2013 Technique for resolving the templates. There are many possibilities and we will use Classpath based template resolver\n\u2013 Create an instance of SpringTemplateEngine<\/code> and set the template resolver technique\n\u2013 Setup Spring\u2019s ViewResolver<\/code> to use the SpringTemplateEngine<\/code><\/p>\n@Configuration\r\npublic class ViewConfiguration {\r\n\r\n @Bean\r\n public ClassLoaderTemplateResolver templateResolver() {\r\n ClassLoaderTemplateResolver templateResolver = \r\n new ClassLoaderTemplateResolver();\r\n templateResolver.setPrefix(\"templates\/\");\r\n templateResolver.setSuffix(\".html\");\r\n templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);\r\n templateResolver.setCacheable(false);\r\n return templateResolver;\r\n }\r\n\r\n @Bean\r\n public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine() {\r\n SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = \r\n new SpringTemplateEngine();\r\n templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver());\r\n templateEngine.addDialect(new LayoutDialect());\r\n return templateEngine;\r\n }\r\n\r\n @Bean\r\n public ViewResolver viewResolver() {\r\n ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = \r\n new ThymeleafViewResolver();\r\n viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine());\r\n viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding(\"UTF-8\");\r\n return viewResolver;\r\n }\r\n\r\n}<\/pre>\nCreating View Controller<\/h2>\nLet us create a simple controller which will serve our UI templates:<\/p>\n@Controller\r\n@RequestMapping(\"\/\")\r\npublic class ViewController {\r\n\r\n @Autowired PersonDAO personDao;\r\n\r\n @GetMapping\r\n public String index(Model model) {\r\n model.addAttribute(\"persons\", personDao.getPersons());\r\n return \"index\";\r\n }\r\n}<\/pre>\nCreating a Thymeleaf Based Template<\/h2>\nWe need to create a template index.html<\/code> which is returned from the above controller:<\/p>\n<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n<html xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\" \r\n xmlns:th=\"http:\/\/www.thymeleaf.org\">\r\n <head>\r\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" \r\n href=\"https:\/\/bootswatch.com\/4\/cerulean\/bootstrap.min.css\" \/>\r\n <\/head>\r\n <body>\r\n <nav class=\"navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-primary\">\r\n <a class=\"navbar-brand\" href=\"#\">Spring on Tomcat<\/a>\r\n <\/nav>\r\n <div class=\"container\">\r\n <div class=\"page-header\"><h1>Spring on Tomcat<\/h1><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <div class=\"col\">\r\n <ul class=\"list-group\">\r\n <li class=\"list-group-item\" th:each=\"p : ${persons}\">\r\n [[${p.firstName}]] [[${p.lastName}]], \r\n Date Of Birth: [[${#dates.format(p.dateOfBirth, 'dd\/MMM\/yyyy')}]]\r\n Place: [[${p.placeOfBirth}]]\r\n <\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/bootswatch.com\/_vendor\/jquery\/dist\/jquery.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/bootswatch.com\/_vendor\/popper.js\/dist\/umd\/popper.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/bootswatch.com\/_vendor\/bootstrap\/dist\/js\/bootstrap.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n <\/body>\r\n<\/html><\/pre>\nConclusion<\/h2>\nIn this article, we looked at configuring a simple Spring MVC based application without web.xml<\/code> (without using Spring Boot) and deploying it to Tomcat. We also configured Thymeleaf<\/code> to render our UI templates. The complete code for this can be found here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nPublished on Java Code Geeks with permission by Mohamed Sanaulla, partner at our JCG program<\/a>. See the original article here: How to Deploy Spring Application Without web.xml to Tomcat<\/a><\/p>\nOpinions expressed by Java Code Geeks contributors are their own.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Introduction Since the Servlet 3 specification web.xml is no longer needed for configuring your web application and has been replaced by using annotations. In this article, we will look at how to deploy a simple Spring-based application without web.xml to Tomcat 8.5.*. Creating an Empty Application Use the following command to create an empty web …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[30],"class_list":["post-70705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enterprise-java","tag-spring"],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Deploy Spring Application Without web.xml to Tomcat - Java Code Geeks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Introduction Since the Servlet 3 specification web.xml is no longer needed for configuring your web application and has been replaced by using\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/2017\/11\/deploy-spring-application-without-web-xml-tomcat.html\" \/>\n<meta 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