{"id":23418,"date":"2014-03-27T22:00:43","date_gmt":"2014-03-27T20:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/?p=23418"},"modified":"2014-03-27T21:37:31","modified_gmt":"2014-03-27T19:37:31","slug":"java-ee-the-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/2014\/03\/java-ee-the-basics.html","title":{"rendered":"Java EE: The Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Wanted to go through some of the basic\u00a0tenets, the technical terminology related to Java EE. For many people, Java EE\/J2EE still mean Servlets, JSPs or maybe Struts at best. No offence or pun intended!<\/p>\n<p>This is not a Java EE \u2018bible\u2019 by any means. I am not capable enough of writing such a thing! So let us line up the \u2018keywords\u2019 related to Java EE and then look at them one by one<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Java EE<\/li>\n<li>Java EE APIs (specifications)<\/li>\n<li>Containers<\/li>\n<li>Services<\/li>\n<li>Multitiered applications<\/li>\n<li>Components<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let\u2019s try to elaborate on the above mentioned points.<\/p>\n<h2>Ok. So what is Java EE?<\/h2>\n<p>\u2018EE\u2019 stands for Enterprise Edition. That essentially makes Java EE \u2013 Java Enterprise Edition. If I had to summarize Java EE in a couple of sentences, it would go something like this<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cJava EE is a platform which defines \u2018standard specifications\/APIs\u2019 which are then implemented by vendors and used for development of enterprise (distributed, \u2018multi-tired\u2019, robust) \u2018applications\u2019. These applications are composed of\u00a0 modules or \u2018components\u2019 which use Java EE \u2018containers\u2019 as their run-time infrastructure.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>What is this \u2018standardized platform\u2019 based upon? What does it constitute?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The platform revolves around\u00a0<i>\u2018standard\u2019 specifications or APIs<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>Think of these as\u00a0<i>contracts defined by a standard body<\/i>\u00a0e.g. Enterprise Java Beans (EJB), Java Persistence API (JPA), Java Message Service (JMS) etc.<\/li>\n<li>These contracts\/specifications\/APIs are\u00a0<i>implemented by different vendors<\/i>\u00a0e.g. GlassFish, Oracle Weblogic, Apache TomEE etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Alright. What about Containers?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Containers can be visualized as\u00a0<i>\u2018virtual\/logical partitions\u2019<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>Each container supports a subset of the APIs\/specifications defined by the Java EE platform<\/li>\n<li>They provide\u00a0<i>run-time \u2018services\u2019<\/i>\u00a0to the \u2018applications\u2019 which they host<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Java EE specification lists 4 types of containers<div style=\"display:inline-block; margin: 15px 0;\"> <div id=\"adngin-JavaCodeGeeks_incontent_video-0\" style=\"display:inline-block;\"><\/div> <\/div><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>EJB Container<\/li>\n<li>Web Container<\/li>\n<li>Application Client Container<\/li>\n<li>Applet Container<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Java EE Containers\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/containers.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-23440\" alt=\"containers\" src=\"http:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/containers.png\" width=\"415\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/containers.png 425w, https:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/containers-300x250.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>I am not going to dwell into details of these containers in this post.<\/p>\n<h2>Services??<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Well,\u00a0<i>\u2018services\u2019<\/i>\u00a0are nothing but a result of the vendor implementations of the standard \u2018specifications\u2019 (mentioned above). Examples of specifications are &#8211;\u00a0<i>Jersey\u00a0<\/i>for JAX-RS (RESTFul Services),\u00a0<i>Tyrus\u00a0<\/i>(Web Sockets),\u00a0<i>EclipseLink\u00a0<\/i>(JPA),\u00a0<i>Weld\u00a0<\/i>(CDI) etc.<b>\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li>The \u2018container\u2019 is the interface between the deployed application (\u2018service\u2019 consumer) and the application server.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here is a list of \u2018services\u2019 which are rendered by the \u2018container\u2019 to the underlying \u2018components\u2019 (this is not an exhaustive list)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Persistence\u00a0<\/i>&#8211; Offered by the Java Persistence API (JPA) which drives Object Relational Mapping (ORM) and an abstraction for the Database operations.<\/li>\n<li><i>Messaging\u00a0<\/i>&#8211; The Java Message Service (JMS) provides asynchronous messaging between disparate parts of your applications.<\/li>\n<li><i>Contexts &amp; Dependency Injection<\/i>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0CDI provides loosely coupled and type safe injection of resources.<\/li>\n<li><i>Web Services<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; JAXRS and JAXWS provide support for REST and SOAP style services respectively<\/li>\n<li><i>Transaction\u00a0<\/i>&#8211;\u00a0 Provided by the Java Transaction API (JTA) implementation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is a typical Java EE \u2018application\u2019? What does it comprise of?<\/h2>\n<p>Applications are composed of different \u2018<i>components<\/i>\u2018 which in turn are supported by their corresponding \u2018<i>container<\/i>\u2018<\/p>\n<p>Supported \u2018component\u2019 types are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Enterprise Applications<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; make use of the specifications like EJB, JMS, JPA etc and are executed within an EJB container<\/li>\n<li><i>Web Applications<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; they leverage the Servlet API, JSP, JSF etc and are supported by a Web Container<\/li>\n<li><i>Application Client<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; Executed in client side. They need an Application Client Container which has a set of supported libraries and executes in a Java SE environment.<\/li>\n<li><i>Applets<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; These are GUI applications which execute in a web browser.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How are Java EE applications structured?<\/h2>\n<p>As far as Java EE \u2018application\u2019 architecture is concerned, they generally\u00a0<i>tend follow the n-tier model consisting of client tier, server tier and of course the database (back end) tier<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Client Tier<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; Consists of web browsers or GUI (Swing, Java FX) based clients. Web browsers tend to talk to the \u2018web components\u2019 on the Server Tier while the GUI clients interact directly with the \u2018business\u2019 layer within the Server Tier<\/li>\n<li><i>Server Tier<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; This tier comprises of the\u00a0<i>dynamic web components<\/i>\u00a0(JSP, JSF, Servlets) and the\u00a0<i>business layer<\/i>\u00a0driven by EJBs, JMS, JPA, JTA specifications.<\/li>\n<li><i>Database Tier<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; Contains \u2018Enterprise Information Systems\u2019 backed by databases or even legacy data repositories.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Generic 3-tier Java EE application architecture<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/overview-multitieredapplications.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-23441\" alt=\"overview-multitieredapplications\" src=\"http:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/overview-multitieredapplications-300x206.gif\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Java EE \u2013 bare bones, basics\u2026. as quickly and briefly as I possibly could. That\u2019s all for now!<\/p>\n<p>Stay tuned for more Java EE content,\u00a0specifically around the latest and greatest version of the Java EE platform \u2013&gt;\u00a0<b><i>Java EE 7<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p>You may want to check out <a title=\"Java EE 7: What\u2019s new???\" href=\"http:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/2014\/03\/java-ee-7-whats-new.html\"><strong>this introductory post about Java EE 7<\/strong><\/a> to begin with.<\/p>\n<p>Happy Reading!<\/p>\n<div class=\"attribution\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"reference\">Reference: <\/span><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"http:\/\/abhirockzz.wordpress.com\/2014\/03\/23\/java-ee-the-basics\/\">Java EE: The Basics<\/a> from our <a href=\"http:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/jcg\">JCG partner<\/a> Abhishek Gupta at the <a href=\"http:\/\/abhirockzz.wordpress.com\/\">Object Oriented.. <\/a> blog.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wanted to go through some of the basic\u00a0tenets, the technical terminology related to Java EE. For many people, Java EE\/J2EE still mean Servlets, JSPs or maybe Struts at best. No offence or pun intended! This is not a Java EE \u2018bible\u2019 by any means. I am not capable enough of writing such a thing! So &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":545,"featured_media":112,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enterprise-java"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Java EE: The Basics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Wanted to go through some of the basic\u00a0tenets, the technical terminology related to Java EE. 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