{"id":16394,"date":"2013-08-16T10:00:37","date_gmt":"2013-08-16T07:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/?p=16394"},"modified":"2013-08-14T19:00:41","modified_gmt":"2013-08-14T16:00:41","slug":"spring-data-rest-in-action","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/2013\/08\/spring-data-rest-in-action.html","title":{"rendered":"Spring Data REST in Action"},"content":{"rendered":"

What is spring-data-rest?<\/h3>\n

spring-data-rest<\/a>, a recent addition to the spring-data<\/a> project, is a framework that helps you expose your entities directly as RESTful webservice endpoints. Unlike rails, grails or roo it does not generate any code achieving this goal. spring data-rest supports JPA, MongoDB, JSR-303 validation, HAL<\/a> and many more. It is really innovative and lets you setup your RESTful webservice within minutes. In this example i’ll give you a short overview of what spring-data-rest is capable of.<\/p>\n

Initial Configuration<\/h3>\n

I’m gonna use the new Servlet 3 Java Web Configuration instead of an ancient web.xml. Nothing really special here.<\/p>\n

public class WebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {\r\n\r\n    @Override\r\n    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {\r\n        return new Class<?>[]{AppConfiguration.class};\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @Override\r\n    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {\r\n        return new Class[]{WebConfiguration.class};\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @Override\r\n    protected String[] getServletMappings() {\r\n        return new String[]{\"\/\"};\r\n    }\r\n}<\/pre>\n
WebAppInitializer.java on github<\/a><\/p>\n
I am initializing hibernate as my database abstraction layer in the AppConfiguration<\/i> class. I’m using an embedded database (hsql<\/a>), since i want to keep this showcase simple stupid. Still, nothing special here.<\/p>\n
@Configuration\r\n@EnableJpaRepositories\r\n@EnableTransactionManagement\r\npublic class AppConfiguration {\r\n\r\n    @Bean\r\n    public DataSource dataSource() {\r\n        EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder builder = new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder();\r\n        return builder.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.HSQL).build();\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @Bean\r\n    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {\r\n        HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();\r\n        vendorAdapter.setDatabase(Database.HSQL);\r\n        vendorAdapter.setGenerateDdl(true);\r\n\r\n        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();\r\n        factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);\r\n        factory.setPackagesToScan(getClass().getPackage().getName());\r\n        factory.setDataSource(dataSource());\r\n\r\n        return factory;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @Bean\r\n    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {\r\n        return new JpaTransactionManager();\r\n    }\r\n}<\/pre>\n
AppConfiguration.java on github<\/a><\/p>\n
Now to the application servlet configuration: WebConfiguration<\/i><\/p>\n
@Configuration\r\npublic class WebConfiguration extends RepositoryRestMvcConfiguration {\r\n}<\/pre>\n
WebConfiguration.java on github<\/a><\/p>\n
Oh, well thats a bit short isnt it? Not a single line of code required for a complete setup. This is a really nice application of the convention over configuration<\/a> paradigm. We can now start creating spring-data-jpa repositories as they will be exposed as RESTful resources automatically. And we can still add custom configuration to the WebConfiguration<\/i> class if needed.
 
<\/div> <\/div><\/p>\n
The Initialization was really short and easy. We didn’t have to code anything special. The only thing we did was setting up a database connection and hibernate, which is obviously inevitable. Now, that we have setup our “REST Servlet” and persistence, lets move on to the application itself, starting with the model.<\/p>\n
The Model<\/h3>\n
I’ll keep it really simple creating only two related entities.
\n\"bookapi_model\"<\/a><\/p>\n
@Entity\r\npublic class Book {\r\n\r\n    @Id\r\n    private String isbn;\r\n\r\n    private String title;\r\n\r\n    private String language;\r\n\r\n    @ManyToMany\r\n    private List<Author> authors;\r\n\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Book.java on github<\/a><\/p>\n
@Entity\r\npublic class Author {\r\n\r\n    @Id\r\n    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE)\r\n    private Integer id;\r\n\r\n    private String name;\r\n\r\n    @ManyToMany(mappedBy = \"authors\")\r\n    private List<Book> books;\r\n\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Author.java on github<\/a><\/p>\n
To finally make the entities persistent and exposed as a RESTful webservice, we need spring-data repositories. A repository is basically a DAO<\/a>. It offers CRUD<\/a> functionality for our entities. spring-data takes away most of your programming effort creating such repositories. We just have to define an empty interface, spring-data does everything else out of the box. Still, it is easily customizable thanks to its design by convention over configuration!<\/p>\n
The Actual Repositories<\/h3>\n
@RestResource(path = \"books\", rel = \"books\")\r\npublic interface BookRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Book, Long> {\r\n}<\/pre>\n
BookRepository.java on github<\/a><\/p>\n
@RestResource(path = \"authors\", rel = \"authors\")\r\npublic interface AuthorRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Author, Integer> {\r\n}<\/pre>\n
AuthorRepository.java on github<\/a><\/p>\n
Again, there is nearly no code needed. Even the @RestResource<\/i> annotation could be left out. But if i did, the path and rel would be named after the entity, which i dont want. A REST resource that contains multiple children should be named plural though.<\/p>\n
Accessing The Result<\/h3>\n
Our RESTful webservice is now ready for deployment. Once run, it lists all available resources on the root, so you can navigate from there.<\/p>\n
GET http:\/\/localhost:8080\/<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
{\r\n  \"links\" : [ {\r\n    \"rel\" : \"books\",\r\n    \"href\" : \"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/books\"\r\n  }, {\r\n    \"rel\" : \"authors\",\r\n    \"href\" : \"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/authors\"\r\n  } ],\r\n  \"content\" : [ ]\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Fine! Now lets create an author and a book.<\/p>\n
POST http:\/\/localhost:8080\/authors<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
{\"name\":\"Uncle Bob\"}<\/pre>\n
Response<\/b><\/p>\n
201 Created\r\nLocation: http:\/\/localhost:8080\/authors\/1<\/pre>\n
PUT http:\/\/localhost:8080\/books\/0132350882<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
{\r\n  \"title\": \"Clean Code\",\r\n  \"authors\": [\r\n      {\r\n          \"rel\": \"authors\",\r\n          \"href\": \"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/authors\/1\"\r\n      }\r\n  ]\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Response<\/b><\/p>\n
201 Created<\/pre>\n
Noticed how i used PUT to create the book? This is because its id is the actual isbn. I have to tell the server which isbn to use since he cant guess it. I used POST for the author as his id is just an incremental number that is generated automatically. Also, i used a link to connect both, the book (\/books\/0132350882<\/i>) and the author (\/authors\/1<\/i>). This is basically what hypermedia is all about: Links are used for navigation and relations between entities.<\/p>\n
Now, lets see if the book was created accordingly.<\/p>\n
GET http:\/\/localhost:8080\/books<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
{\r\n  \"links\" : [ ],\r\n  \"content\" : [ {\r\n    \"links\" : [ {\r\n      \"rel\" : \"books.Book.authors\",\r\n      \"href\" : \"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/books\/0132350882\/authors\"\r\n    }, {\r\n      \"rel\" : \"self\",\r\n      \"href\" : \"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/books\/0132350882\"\r\n    } ],\r\n    \"title\" : \"Clean Code\"\r\n  } ],\r\n  \"page\" : {\r\n    \"size\" : 20,\r\n    \"totalElements\" : 1,\r\n    \"totalPages\" : 1,\r\n    \"number\" : 1\r\n  }\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Fine!<\/p>\n
Here is an Integration Test, following these steps automatically. It is also available in the example on github.<\/p>\n
public class BookApiIT {\r\n\r\n    private final RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();\r\n\r\n    private final String authorsUrl = \"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/authors\";\r\n    private final String booksUrl = \"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/books\";\r\n\r\n    @Test\r\n    public void testCreateBookWithAuthor() throws Exception {\r\n        final URI authorUri = restTemplate.postForLocation(authorsUrl, sampleAuthor()); \/\/ create Author\r\n\r\n        final URI bookUri = new URI(booksUrl + \"\/\" + sampleBookIsbn);\r\n        restTemplate.put(bookUri, sampleBook(authorUri.toString())); \/\/ create Book linked to Author\r\n\r\n        Resource<Book> book = getBook(bookUri);\r\n        assertNotNull(book);\r\n\r\n        final URI authorsOfBookUri = new URI(book.getLink(\"books.Book.authors\").getHref());\r\n        Resource<List<Resource<Author>>> authors = getAuthors(authorsOfBookUri);\r\n        assertNotNull(authors.getContent());\r\n        assertFalse(authors.getContent().isEmpty()); \/\/ check if \/books\/0132350882\/authors contains an author\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    private String sampleAuthor() {\r\n        return \"{\\\"name\\\":\\\"Robert C. Martin\\\"}\";\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    private final String sampleBookIsbn = \"0132350882\";\r\n\r\n    private String sampleBook(String authorUrl) {\r\n        return \"{\\\"title\\\":\\\"Clean Code\\\",\\\"authors\\\":[{\\\"rel\\\":\\\"authors\\\",\\\"href\\\":\\\"\" + authorUrl + \"\\\"}]}\";\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    private Resource<Book> getBook(URI uri) {\r\n        return restTemplate.exchange(uri, HttpMethod.GET, null, new ParameterizedTypeReference<Resource<Book>>() {\r\n        }).getBody();\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    private Resource<List<Resource<Author>>> getAuthors(URI uri) {\r\n        return restTemplate.exchange(uri, HttpMethod.GET, null, new ParameterizedTypeReference<Resource<List<Resource<Author>>>>() {\r\n        }).getBody();\r\n    }\r\n}<\/pre>\n
BookApiIT.java on github <\/a><\/p>\n
Conclusion<\/h3>\n
We have created a complete RESTful webservice without much coding effort. We just defined our entities and database connection. spring-data-rest stated that everything else is just boilerplate, and i agree.<\/p>\n
To consume the webservices manually, consider the rest-shell<\/a>. It is a command-shell making the navigation in your webservice as easy and fun as it could be. Here is a screenshot:
\n\"rest_shell\"<\/a>
\nThe complete example is available on my github
\nhttps:\/\/github.com\/gregorriegler\/babdev-spring\/tree\/master\/spring-data-rest<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/github.com\/gregorriegler\/babdev-spring<\/a><\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
Reference: <\/i><\/b>Spring Data REST in Action<\/a> from our JCG partner<\/a> Gregor Riegler at the Be a better Developer<\/a> blog.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
What is spring-data-rest? spring-data-rest, a recent addition to the spring-data project, is a framework that helps you expose your entities directly as RESTful webservice endpoints. Unlike rails, grails or roo it does not generate any code achieving this goal. spring data-rest supports JPA, MongoDB, JSR-303 validation, HAL and many more. It is really innovative and …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":463,"featured_media":240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[54,30,321],"class_list":["post-16394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enterprise-java","tag-restful-web-services","tag-spring","tag-spring-data"],"yoast_head":"\nSpring Data REST in Action<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is spring-data-rest? spring-data-rest, a recent addition to the spring-data project, is a framework that helps you expose your entities directly as\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.javacodegeeks.com\/2013\/08\/spring-data-rest-in-action.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spring Data REST in Action\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is spring-data-rest? 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